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Kinematic redundancy and variance of eye, head and trunk displacements during large horizontal gaze reorientations in standing humans
Abstract
Shifting the direction of the line of sight in everyday life often involves rotations not only of the eyes and head but also of the trunk. Here, we investigated covariation patterns of eye-in-orbit, head-on-trunk and trunk-in-space angular horizontal displacements during whole-body rotations to targets of up to 180 degrees eccentricity performed by standing healthy human subjects. The spatial covariation was quantified statistically across various behavioral task conditions (unpredictable, memory driven predictable, visual feedback) and constraints (accuracy) by principal components (PC) analysis. Overall, the combined movement was stereotyped such that the first two PCs accounted for essentially the whole data variance of combined gaze transfers up to about 400 ms, suggesting that the three mechanical degrees of freedom under consideration are reduced to two kinematic degrees of freedom. Moreover, quantification of segment velocity variability across repetitions showed that velocities of eye-in-space and head-in-space (i.e. 'end-point' velocity) were less variable than those of the elemental variables composing them. In contrast, three statistically significant PCs accounted for the covariation of the three segments during presumably vestibularly mediated nystagmic transfers, suggesting control by a separate driving circuit. We conclude that progression of the line of sight is initially stereotypic and fulfills criteria defining a motor synergy.
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The variability in head angle may be attributed to the high degree of freedom of the head segment and the influence of gaze during exercise performance.
“This variability may be attributed to the high degree of freedom of the head segment and the influence of gaze during exercise performance [55,56].”
From Intra-Rater and Test–Retest Reliability of Kinovea for the Kinematic Analysis of Squatting in Healthy Active Women (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sklavos, S., Anastasopoulos, D., & Bronstein, A.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Charing Cross Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Anastasopoulos, Dimitri
- Venue
- Experimental Brain Research
- Published
- 2010-03-03
- Volume
- 202
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 879-890
- ISSN
- 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1106
- OpenAlex
- W2047255389
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- horizontal eye movements, head movement, trunk rotation, kinematic redundancy, motor synergies, whole-body rotation, nystagmus, vestibular control, visual feedback, lines of sight
- MeSH terms
- Biomechanical Phenomena, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Posture, Task Performance and Analysis, Thorax, Head Movements, Principal Component Analysis, Eye Movement Measurements
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