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Treatment Strategies in 135 Consecutive Patients with Enterocutaneous Fistulas
Open accessAbstract
Background: Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECF) pose a major challenge to every gastrointestinal (GI) surgeon. Based on earlier studies, a standardized treatment guideline was implemented. The focus of the present study was to assess that guideline and determine prognostic factors for outcome of patients with ECF, and to define a more detailed therapeutic approach including the convalescence time before restorative surgery. Methods: All patients with ECF treated between 1990 and 2005 were included. Management consisted of controlling Sepsis, Optimization of nutritional state, Wound care, assessment of fistula Anatomy, Timing of surgery, and Surgical strategy (the SOWATS guideline). Prognostic factors were assessed by way of multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 135 patients were treated at our unit. Overall closure was achieved in 118 patients (87.4%). Restorative operations for fistula closure were performed after a median of 53 days (range: 4–270 days). Restorative operations were successful in 97/107 patients (90.7%). Thirteen patients (9.6%) died. An abdominal wall defect was the most predominant negative prognostic factor for spontaneous closure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.195, confidence interval [CI] 0.052–0.726, p = 0.015). A strong relation was found between preoperative albumin level and surgical closure (p < 0.001) and mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Application of the SOWATS guideline allowed a favorable outcome after a short convalescence period. Abdominal wall defects and preoperative hypoalbuminemia are important prognostic variables.
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“When this approach is successful, nutrition support becomes effective, promoting fat‐free mass (muscle) and adequate healing after eventual reoperation, for instance, to restore”
From Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2019) · cites this paper as [100]
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“Despite not always appreciating the precise cause of the connection with inflammation, many surgeons know that a low serum albumin level is a bad omen for outcome after surgery.100, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138”
From Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2019) · cites this paper as [100]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Visschers, R. G. J., Damink, S. W. M. O., Winkens, B., Soeters, P. B., & van Gemert, W. G.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Department of Methodology and Statistics Maastricht University PO Box 5800 6202 Maastricht AZ The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Intestinal Failure Institute Maastricht and Nutrition & Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM) University Hospital Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands
- Venue
- World Journal of Surgery
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-01-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 445-453
- ISSN
- 0364-2313 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2323
- PMC
- PMC2248608
- OpenAlex
- W2041289969
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- World Journal of Surgery (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- ZonMw (40‐00703‐97‐06‐177)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Abdominal Surgery and Complications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diverticular Disease and Complications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Aortic and Vascular Conditions
- Keywords
- enterocutaneous fistula, restorative surgery, spontaneous fistula closure, prognostic factors, abdominal wall defect, hypoalbuminemia, preoperative nutritional optimization, sepsis treatment, wound care, timing of surgery, mortality
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Intestinal Fistula, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Cutaneous Fistula, Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy
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