The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Over-expression of HMG-CoA reductase and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase genes in Artemisia annua L. and its influence on artemisinin content
Abstract
Artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, is a novel antimalarial natural product isolated from Artemisia annua L. plants. The low concentrations (0.01-1.1%) of this compound in A. annua L. plants is, however, a major constraint for commercialization of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) recommended by WHO for treating malaria caused by multidrug-resistant P. falciparum sp. In this context, in vivo yield improvement programs were undertaken by us. In the present study, HMG-Co A reductase gene (hmgr) from Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads) gene from A. annua L. were over-expressed in A. annua L. plants to study their effects on artemisinin yields. The transgenic lines developed from putative transgenic regenerants were evaluated for integration and copy number of the transgenes using hptII gene probe, as it was a part of the expression cassette. The transgenic lines showed positive bands of hptII gene on Southern blots confirming the integration of transgenes. Some of the transgenic lines had single copy of the transgenes, while others had multiple copies. The expressions of hmgr and ads at the transcriptional level were also confirmed in each transgenic line employing RT-PCR assays. The HPLC analyses showed that the artemisinin contents were significantly increased in these transgenics. One of the transgenic lines, TR4, was found to contain 7.65-fold higher (1.73 mg/gDW) artemisinin than the non-transgenic plant (W). The increased artemisinin levels were found to be correlated with HMG-Co A reductase and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase enzymatic activities in the biochemical analyses.
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“Artemisinin biosynthesis was improved 7.65fold through co-transformation of both ADS and HMGR in A. annua (Alam and Abdin 2011)”
From Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches (2021) · cites this paper as Alam and Abdin 2011
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Kundu, S., Mukherjee, S., & Ghosh, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27490-4_22-1
Pandey-Rai, S., Pandey, N., Kumari, A., Tripathi, D., & Rai, S. K. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b22102-10
AaCYPdwf, a new growth regulatory cytochrome p450 gene from Artemissia annua
Rayhan, M. U., Islam, T., & Kim, S.-U. (2023) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101794
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Sharma, A., Qamar, F., Ashrafi, K., & Saifi, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33959-2.00022-8
Engineering plant system for secondary metabolite production
Kaur, M., Sharma, S. K., Kaur, N., Savita, S., & Pati, P. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40529-7.00015-9
Biosynthesis and Production of Artemisinin
Mathew, G., Lakshmaiah, V. V., Al-Khayri, J. M., & Nagella, P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36202-6_221-1
Pietrolucci, F., Valesi, V., Sgaravatti, E., Guzzo, F., Negri, S., & Avesani, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2026.1876067
Metadata
- Authors
- Alam, P., & Abdin, M. Z.
- Affiliations
- Jamia Hamdard (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Abdin, M. Z.
- Venue
- Plant Cell Reports
- Published
- 2011-06-08
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1919-1928
- ISSN
- 0721-7714 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-203X
- OpenAlex
- W2152038789
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Plant Cell Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Keywords
- artemisinin, Artemisia annua, HMG-CoA reductase, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, transgenic plants, gene overexpression, sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis, transgene integration, transgene copy number, Catharanthus roseus
- MeSH terms
- Genetic Engineering, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases, Plant Proteins, Transformation, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Dosage, Transgenes, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, Plants, Genetically Modified, Artemisia annua, Artemisinins
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