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MR angiography with blood pool contrast agents
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) with standard extracellular contrast material is well established for vascular imaging. Recently, the first blood pool contrast agent (BPA) has become clinically available. This paper reviews characteristics and classification of BPA as well as first clinical experience in various vascular territories. BPAs comprise gadolinium-based compounds, synthetic compounds, and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron-oxide (USPIO) particles. Such BPAs are retained in blood with a prolonged time-window of enhancement as compared to extracellular gadolinium chelates. Promising results from USPIO at first-pass and steady-state angiography have been published, but no USPIO is approved yet. Gadofosveset is the first clinically approved BPA. After bolus injection, gadofosveset binds noncovalently to serum-albumine, thus enhancing relaxivity. First published results from carotid, coronary, renal, and peripheral angiography are encouraging; particularly helpful is prolonged enhancement during steady state. More BPAs have been clinically evaluated, but no approval has been granted. Bolus-injectable BPAs allow for first-pass CE-MRA similar to standard extracellular contrast media, but with higher relaxivity, allowing lower doses and reduced injection rates. An additional feature of BPA is the steady-state phase with a broad time window enabling high-resolution angiography or double-gated angiography of coronary arteries to compensate for the complex motion pattern.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bremerich, J., Bilecen, D., & Reimer, P.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bremerich, Jens
- Venue
- European Radiology
- Published
- 2007-07-17
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3017-3024
- ISSN
- 0938-7994 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1084
- OpenAlex
- W2032850755
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2024: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- blood pool contrast agent, contrast-enhanced MR angiography, gadofosveset, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide, gadolinium-based contrast agents, serum albumin binding, relaxivity, carotid angiography, renal angiography, peripheral angiography
- MeSH terms
- Contrast Media, Dextrans, Gadolinium, Humans, Iron, Organometallic Compounds, Oxides, Vascular Diseases, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Magnetite Nanoparticles
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