Cited by 274Coral and Marine Ecosystems StudiesMarine Biology and Ecology ResearchMarine and coastal plant biology

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Coral and algal changes after the 1998 coral bleaching: interaction with reef management and herbivores on Kenyan reefs

McClanahan, T., Muthiga, N., Mangi, S.·2001·Coral Reefs

DOI 10.1007/s003380000133

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Macrobioerosion of dead branching Porites, 4 and 6 years after coral mass mortality
Carreiro‐Silva, M., & McClanahan, T. R. (2012) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps09726 · Cited by 49
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Eastern Pacific reef fish responses to coral recovery following El Niño disturbances
Glynn, P. W., Enochs, I., Afflerbach, J. A., Brandtneris, V. W., & Serafy, J. (2013) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10594 · Cited by 47
“…would be positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with live coral cover, while fish species richness would peak at some intermediate level (McClanahan et al. 2001, Pratchett et al. 2004, 234 Glynn et al.: Eastern Pacific reef fishes Berumen & Pratchett 2006, Wilson et al. 2009).”
Background
Decadal coral community reassembly on an African fringing reef
McClanahan, T. R. (2014) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-014-1178-6 · Cited by 47
“Consequently, the taxa may have experienced some fundamental change associated with the high mortality of the 1998 event (McClanahan et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Patterns and trends in coral reef macroalgae browsing: a review of browsing herbivorous fishes of the Indo-Pacific
Puk, L. D., Ferse, S. C. A., & Wild, C. (2015) · Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1007/s11160-015-9412-z · Cited by 46
“Observations of phase shifts to macroalgae dominance are manifold (McClanahan et al. 2001; Graham et al. 2006; Ledlie et al. 2007).”
Background
Patterns of coral larval settlement on lagoon reefs in the Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve, Kenya
Mangubhai, S., Harrison, P. L., & Obura, D. O. (2007) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps07090 · Cited by 46
“Given that Stylophora and Seriatopora species were absent at the 2 sites and are now extremely rare in Kenya (McClanahan et al. 2001), most spat identified as Pocilloporidae on settlement tiles are likely to be Pocillopora species.”
Background
Marine Biodiversity and Climate Change
Worm, B., & Lotze, H. K. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63524-2.00013-0 · Cited by 46
Macroalgal browsing on a heavily degraded, urbanized equatorial reef system
Bauman, A. G., Hoey, A. S., Dunshea, G., Feary, D. A., Low, J., & Todd, P. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08873-3 · Cited by 44
Taxonomic patterns of bleaching within a South African coral assemblage
Floros, C., Samways, M. J., & Armstrong, B. (2004) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1023/b:bioc.0000018151.67412.c7 · Cited by 44
“The results of this study show that the coral reefs of Sodwana Bay did not suffer the same extent and intensity of mass bleaching which has severely affected other areas of the Indian Ocean in the last decade (Sheppard 1999; McClanahan 2000; Turner et al. 2000a,b; McClanahan et al. 2001).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Changes in northern Tanzania coral reefs during a period of increased fisheries management and climatic disturbance
McClanahan, T. R., Muthiga, N. A., Maina, J. M., Kamukuru, A. T., & Yahya, S. A. S. (2009) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.1020 · Cited by 43
“Thirdly, measured coral larval recruitment rates in Tanzania are high and generally considerably higher than in neighbouring Kenya (Muhando, 2002; Tamelander, 2002; McClanahan et al., 2005a) or Maldives where recovery has been slower (McClanahan, 2000; Loch et al., 2004).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Impact of the 1997-98 El Niño event on the coral reef-associated echinoderm assemblage from northern Bahia, northeastern Brazil
Attrill, M. J., Kelmo, F., & Jones, M. B. (2004) · Climate Research · doi:10.3354/cr026151 · Cited by 43
“Reports of the impact of the 1997-98 El Niño have concentrated mainly on the coral species themselves (e.g. Feingold 2001, Glynn et al. 2001) and the subsequent relationship with algal cover (McClanahan et al. 2001, Aronson et al. 2002).”
Background
Patterns of genetic structuring in the coral Pocillopora damicornis on reefs in East Africa
Souter, P., Henriksson, O., Olsson, N., & Grahn, M. (2009) · BMC Ecology · doi:10.1186/1472-6785-9-19 · Cited by 42
“damicornis exhibits low tolerance to elevated sea surface temperatures [37,38] and on surveyed reefs along the coast of Kenya more than 75% (at some reefs 100%) of all colonies suffered bleachinginduced mortality as a consequence of the extreme El Ninõ event in 1998 [39,40].”
Background
Requirement of water-flow for sustainable growth of Pocilloporid corals during high temperature periods
Nakamura, T., & Yamasaki, H. (2005) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.025 · Cited by 43
Among-habitat variation in herbivory on Sargassum spp. on a mid-shelf reef in the northern Great Barrier Reef
Hoey, A. S., & Bellwood, D. R. (2009) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1309-8 · Cited by 41
“While such shifts to macroalgal dominance may only manifest following widespread coral mortality or ecosystem disruption (Hunter and Evans 1995; McClanahan et al. 2001 ), the inability of these reefs to recover from disturbances highlights the critical role of herbivory in maintaining a healthy balance between corals…”
Background
Taxonomic composition of mobile epifaunal invertebrate assemblages on diverse benthic microhabitats from temperate to tropical reefs
Fraser, K. M., Stuart‐Smith, R. D., Ling, S., Heather, F. J., & Edgar, G. J. (2020) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps13295 · Cited by 40
Benthic marine algae of the coral reefs of Brazil: a literature review
Figueiredo, M. A. D. O., Horta, P. A., Pedrini, A. D. G., & Nunes, J. M. D. C. (2008) · Oecologia Australis · doi:10.4257/oeco.2008.1202.07 · Cited by 39
“Bras., 12 (2): 258-269, 2008 occupy the newly available substrate when corals die due to environmental stress and diseases (McClanahan et al. 2001, Lirman 2001).”
Background
Anthropogenic Stressors, Inter-Specific Competition and ENSO Effects on a Mauritian Coral Reef
Graham, N. A. J., McClanahan, T. R., Letourneur, Y., & Galzin, R. (2006) · Environmental Biology of Fishes · doi:10.1007/s10641-006-9077-5 · Cited by 37
“Furthermore, Acropora is one of the most susceptible genera to thermal stress in the region (McClanahan et al. 2001, 2004) and has experienced large declines in many other locations (Goreau et al. 2000; McClanahan 2000b; McClanahan et al. 2001; Sheppard et al. 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Effects of elevated water temperature, reduced salinity and nutrient enrichment on the metabolism of the coral Turbinaria mesenterina
Faxneld, S., Jörgensen, T. L., & Tedengren, M. (2010) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.008 · Cited by 37
A simple technique for measuring buoyant weight increment of entire, transplanted coral colonies in the field
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Can Static Habitat Protection Encompass Critical Areas for Highly Mobile Marine Top Predators? Insights from Coastal East Africa
Pérez‐Jorge, S., Pereira, T., Corne, C., Wijtten, Z., Omar, M., Katello, J., Kinyua, M., Oró, D., & Louzao, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133265 · Cited by 39
“After more than 20 years of MPAs establishment and monitoring, many studies have highlighted their positive impacts on local fish population (higher biomass and diversity) and status of coral reefs (higher hard coral cover and coral diversity) [10,11].”
Background
Observations of a new source of coral mortality along the Kenyan coast
McClanahan, T. R., McLaughlin, S., Davy, J. E., Wilson, W. H., Peters, E. C., Price, K. L., & Maina, J. M. (2004) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-004-2672-6 · Cited by 36
“The gross signs of this disease are not nearly as striking as coral bleaching since the affected coral tissue becomes dull rather than bright white or fluorescent (McClanahan et al., 2001), and often is hidden by mucus and a white dust as the coral dies.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Impacts of the 1998 and 2010 mass coral bleaching events on the Western Gulf of Thailand
Sutthacheep, M., Yucharoen, M., Klinthong, W., Pengsakun, S., Sangmanee, K., & Yeemin, T. (2013) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.018 · Cited by 36
Participatory reporting of the 2016 bleaching event in the Western Indian Ocean
Gudka, M., Obura, D. O., Mbugua, J. K., Ahamada, S., Kloiber, U., & Holter, T. (2019) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-019-01851-3 · Cited by 34
Coral Recruitment Following a Mass Mortality Event
Tamelander, J. (2002) · AMBIO · doi:10.1579/0044-7447-31.7.551 · Cited by 34
“while massive species showed higher recovery from bleaching and higher survivorship (8, 9), reflecting different life-history strategies in the trade-off between growth rate and stress resist-”
BackgroundResult
Demographics of bleaching in a major Caribbean reef-building coral: Montastraea annularis
Hernández‐Pacheco, R., Hernández‐Delgado, E. A., & Sabat, A. M. (2011) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1890/es10-00065.1 · Cited by 33
The northernmost coral frontier of the Maldives: The coral reefs of Ihavandippolu Atoll under long-term environmental change
Сергеевич, Т. К. (2012) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.09.004 · Cited by 33
Community-managed coral reef restoration in southern Kenya initiates reef recovery using various artificial reef designs
Knoester, E. G., Rienstra, J., Schürmann, Q., Wolma, A., Murk, A. J., & Osinga, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1152106 · Cited by 31
“, 2012), and it remains unclear if outplanting of once dominant competitive species such as broadcasting Acropora will assist their recruitment and comeback in absence of natural recovery (McClanahan et al., 2001; McClanahan, 2008; McClanahan et al., 2014).”
Background
Natural settlement dynamics of a young population of Turbinaria ornata and phenological comparisons with older populations
Stiger‐Pouvreau, V., & Payri, C. E. (2005) · Aquatic Botany · doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.12.005 · Cited by 31
Impact of repetitive thermal anomalies on survival and development of mass reef‐building corals in the M aldives
Сергеевич, Т. К. (2014) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/maec.12138 · Cited by 31
Continued post-bleaching decline and changed benthic community of a Kenyan coral reef
Lambo, A. L., & Ormond, R. (2006) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.05.028 · Cited by 30
Marine heatwave‐driven mass mortality and microbial community reorganisation in an ecologically important temperate sponge
Bell, J. J., Micaroni, V., Strano, F., Ryan, K. G., Mitchell, K., Mitchell, P., Wilkinson, S., Thomas, T., Bachtiar, R., & Smith, R. O. (2024) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.17417 · Cited by 33
“…research prior to 2010 was mostly on tropical ecosystems and the Mediterranean Sea, with a particular focus on anomalous temperatures as a cause of coral bleaching and mortality (e.g. Cerrano et al., 2000; Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999; Linares et al., 2005; McClanahan et al., 2001 ; West & Salm, 2003 ).”
Factors influencing fish catch levels on Kenya's coral reefs
Mangi, S. C., & Roberts, C. M. (2007) · Fisheries Management and Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2007.00549.x · Cited by 29
Self-citation
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“2010), phase shifts from coral to al gal dom i nance (McClanahan, Muthiga, and Mangi 2001; Aronson et al.”
Background
Population genetics of the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix reveals patterns of strong genetic differentiation in the Western Indian Ocean
van der Ven, R. M., Flot, J.-F., Buitrago-López, C., & Kochzius, M. (2021) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/s41437-020-00379-5 · Cited by 26
Colonization, Growth and Productivity of Crustose Coralline Algae in Sunlit Reefs in the Atlantic Southernmost Coral Reef
Tâmega, F. T. D. S., & Figueiredo, M. A. D. O. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00081 · Cited by 27
“…productivity INTRODUCTION The crustose coralline algae (CCA, Corallinales Rhodophyta) on coral reefs can cover large areas, such as in the Africa (McClanahan et al., 2001b), Australia (Fabricius and De’ath, 2001), Caribbean (Adey and Vassar, 1975; McClanahan et al., 2001a; Williams and Polunin,…”
Background
Oceanic patterns of thermal stress and coral community degradation on the island of Mauritius
McClanahan, T. R., & Muthiga, N. A. (2020) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-020-02015-4 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Further Flattening of a Degraded, Turbid Reef System Following a Severe Coral Bleaching Event
Bauman, A. G., Januchowski‐Hartley, F. A., Teo, A., & Todd, P. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.910085 · Cited by 28
CONCEPT OF ZONING MANAGEMENT IN PROTECTED AREAS
Rotich, D. J. (2012) · Cited by 26
Coral responses to climate change exposure
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“…until 2000 and onward when publishing field biologists started to classify bleaching regularly and systematically into categories of severity by taxa, and to consider other potential environmental variable on a larger intersite scale (Marshall and Baird 2000, McClanahan et al 2001, Berkelman 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Six decades of global coral bleaching monitoring: a review of methods and call for enhanced standardization and coordination
Rivera-Sosa, A., Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Charo, B., Asner, G. P., Roelfsema, C., Donner, S. D., Bambic, B., Bonelli, A. G., Pomeroy, M., Manzello, D. P., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2025.1547870 · Cited by 25
“The ﬁ rst major global bleaching event in 1998 resulted in numerous monitoring efforts (Berkelmans et al., 2004; McClanahan et al., 2001; McField, 1999).”
Coral reef fish communities in management systems with unregulated fishing and small fisheries closures compared with lightly fished reefs – Maldives vs. Kenya
McClanahan, T. R. (2011) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.1172 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Correlation between Coral Reef Condition and the Diversity and Abundance of Fishes and Sea Urchins on an East African Coral Reef
Ditzel, P., König, S., Musembi, P., & Peters, M. K. (2022) · Oceans · doi:10.3390/oceans3010001 · Cited by 25
Herbivorous fish rise as a destructive fishing practice falls in an Indonesian marine national park
Bejarano, S., Pardede, S., Campbell, S., Hoey, A. S., & Ferse, S. C. A. (2019) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.1981 · Cited by 25
“…extensive macroalgal stands are unlikely to develop when algal turf removal mechanisms are in place (Hughes et al. 2007), sufficiently strong perturbations leading to extensive coral mortality may increase macroalgal cover and dilute the feeding impact of herbivores (McClanahan et al. 2001).”
Background
The cell physiology of coral bleaching
Dove, S., & Hoegh‐Guldberg, O. (2006) · Coastal and estuarine studies · doi:10.1029/61ce05 · Cited by 25
Indirect effects of bleaching on predator deterrence in the tropical Pacific soft coral Sinularia maxima
Slattery, M., & Paul, V. J. (2008) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps07200 · Cited by 25
“Our results imply that S. maxima cannot sustain populations of zooxanthellae symbionts without light, and that extended symbiont-free periods are detrimental to the health of this soft coral (Baker 2001, McClanahan 2004) and, possibly, the coral reef community (McClanahan et al. 2001).”
Result
Simulations of Long-Term Community Dynamics in Coral Reefs - How Perturbations Shape Trajectories
Kubicek, A., Muhando, C. A., & Reuter, H. (2012) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002791 · Cited by 24
“[81] made in Kenya, where they observed that Pocillopora was completely depleted at protected sites and close to gone from unprotected ones, P.”
Background
Resilience potential of an Indian Ocean reef: an assessment through coral recruitment pattern and survivability of juvenile corals to recurrent stress events
Manikandan, B., Ravindran, J., Jayapalan, V. P., Shrinivasu, S., Manimurali, R., & Paramasivam, K. (2017) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8772-4 · Cited by 24
“In general, heavily fished reefs are characterized by low coral cover and low substratum complexity (McClanahan et al. 2001).”
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Modelling coral reef habitat trajectories: Evaluation of an integrated timed automata and remote sensing approach
Scopélitis, J., Andréfouët, S., & Largouët, C. (2007) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.011 · Cited by 24
“This stage can lead to a phase-shift (Augustin et al., 1997; River and Edmunds, 2001; McClanahan et al., 2001; Birrell et al., 2005).”
Background
The extent and intensity of the 1998 mass bleaching event on the reefs of Mauritius, Indian Ocean
Pillay, R. M., Terashima, H., & Kawasaki, H. (2002) · Journal of the Japanese Coral Reef Society · doi:10.3755/jcrs.2002.43 · Cited by 23
Analysis of the population structure of a gorgonian forest (Placogorgia sp.) using a photogrammetric 3D modeling approach at Le Danois Bank, Cantabrian Sea
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Description and validation of production processes in the coral reef ecosystem model CAFFEE (Coral–Algae–Fish-Fisheries Ecosystem Energetics) with a fisheries closure and climatic disturbance
Sebastián, C. R., & McClanahan, T. R. (2013) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.012 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Physical and Biological Drivers of Coral-Reef Dynamics
Aronson, R. B., & Precht, W. F. (2016) · Coral reefs of the world · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7567-0_11 · Cited by 23
Coral Bleaching: Signs of Change in Southern Japan
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Morphological alterations of zooxanthellae in bleached cnidarian hosts
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Decadal turnover of thermally stressed coral taxa support a risk-spreading approach to marine reserve design
McClanahan, T. R. (2020) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-020-01984-w · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Contrasting distribution and foraging patterns of herbivorous and detritivorous fishes across multiple habitats in a tropical seascape
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Mortality, growth and regeneration following fragmentation of reef-forming corals under thermal stress
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Ecological acclimation: A framework to integrate fast and slow responses to climate change
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“When heat waves persist over longer periods (weeks to months), transient sensitivity emerges as the limits of physiological acclima - tion are exceeded, and the corals undergo bleaching and mortality due to starvation (McClanahan et al., 2001 ).”
Exceptional Thermal Tolerance of Coral Reefs in American Samoa: a Review
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Spatial heterogeneity of coral reef benthic communities in Kenya
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“Consequently, sea urchin grazed the reef substate to bare [25].”
Background
Opportunistic responses of Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) populations following the 1997–98 El Niño event in Bahia, Brazil
Attrill, M. J., & Kelmo, F. (2007) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.007 · Cited by 19
Protection of Marine Areas in Kenya
Tuda, A. O., & Omar, M. (2012) · Cited by 19
Consequences of Coral Bleaching for Sessile Reef Organisms
McClanahan, T. R., Weil, E. F., & Baird, A. H. (2018) · Ecological studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75393-5_10 · Cited by 18
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Post-bleaching alterations in coral reef communities
Elma, E., Gullström, M., Yahya, S. A. S., Jouffray, J., East, H. K., & Nyström, M. (2022) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114479 · Cited by 27
“…previous mass bleaching episodes, such as in 1997/1998, 2010, and 2014 – 2016 ENSO events, with studies reporting over 80 % coral mortality in Tanzanian reefs (e.g., Wilkinson et al., 1999; ¨ et al., 1999; Spencer et al., 2000; McClanahan et al., 2001; Obura et al., 2017; Gudka et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResult
IsAcropora palmatarecovering? a case study in Los Roques National Park, Venezuela
Cróquer, A., Cavada-Blanco, F., Zubillaga, A. L., Agudo-Adriani, E., & Sweet, M. J. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1539 · Cited by 18
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Coral community life histories and population dynamics driven by seascape bathymetry and temperature variability
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Effects of geomorphological zones, reefs and seasons on coral reef fish communities of Réunion Island, Mascarene Archipelago, SW Indian Ocean
Letourneur, Y., Gaertner, J., Durbec, J., & Jessu, M. E. (2007) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.11.003 · Cited by 17
Coral Bleaching, Diseases and Mortality in the Western Indian Ocean
McClanahan, T. R. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06414-6_7 · Cited by 17
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Long‐term Dynamics and Drivers of Coral and Macroalgal Cover on Inshore Reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
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Catch rates and income are associated with fisheries management restrictions and not an environmental disturbance, in a heavily exploited tropical fishery
McClanahan, T. R., & Abunge, C. (2014) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10925 · Cited by 16
“These management restrictions were closely co incidental with the 1997−1998 El Niño− Indian Ocean Dipole warm temperature anomaly that caused a large and widespread loss of coral cover and changes in the benthic cover in the fishing grounds (McClanahan et al. 2001, Ateweberhan et al. 2011).”
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Assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas as a tool for improving coral reef management
Wells, S. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511804472.012 · Cited by 16
Measuring reef complexity and rugosity from monocular video bathymetric reconstruction
He, H., Ferrari, R., McKinnon, D. H., Roff, G., Smith, R. N., Mumby, P. J., & Upcroft, B. (2012) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 15
Contrasting effects of the El Niño 2015–16 event on coral reefs from the central pacific coast of Mexico
Nava, H., López, N., Ramírez‐García, P., & Garibay‐Valladolid, E. (2021) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/maec.12630 · Cited by 14
Decadal stability of coral reef benthic communities on Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific, through two bleaching events
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Fisheries restrictions and their cascading effects on herbivore abundance and macroalgae removal at Kenyan coral reefs
Knoester, E. G., Plug, V. E., Murk, A. J., Sande, S. O., & Osinga, R. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2022.151850 · Cited by 13
Coral reef monitoring in Tanzania: an analysis of the last 20 years
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“, 2007a), fleshy algal and corallimorpharia proliferation (McClanahan et al., 2001; Muhando et al., 2002), coral disease (Raymundo et al.”
Background
Acropora size-frequency distributions reflect spatially variable conditions on coral reefs of Palau
Victor, S., Golbuu, Y., Yukihira, H., & van Woesik, R. (2009) · Bulletin of Marine Science · Cited by 13
Coral transplant damage under various management conditions in the Mombasa Marine National Park, Kenya
Cros, A., & McClanahan, T. R. (2004) · Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.4314/wiojms.v2i2.28434 · Cited by 13
“Three sites were selected in back reef lagoons with shallow water ( 3 m) at low tide (Kenya has a 4 m tidal range), dominated by hard substratum colonised by corals, other benthic invertebrates and algae (McClanahan & Shafir, 1990).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
What Happens after Conservation and Management Donors Leave? A Before and After Study of Coral Reef Ecology and Stakeholder Perceptions of Management Benefits
McClanahan, T. R., Muthiga, N. A., Abunge, C., Kamukuru, A. T., Mwakalapa, E. B., & Kalombo, H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138769 · Cited by 13
“Kenyan reefs just to the north experienced a 45 to 70% decline in coral cover over this period and many changes in the taxonomic composition [32, 33].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Biomass of key grazing fishes is an important determinant of coral growth and fouling control in coral nurseries
Knoester, E. G., Rizzi, E., Murk, A. J., & Osinga, R. (2023) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.13982 · Cited by 12
“…discussed above, this might also be explained by a past disturbance such as the 1998 bleaching event opening up a large area for algal settlement (McClanahan et al. 2001) and subsequent maturation of an unpalatable algae community that is dif-ﬁ cult to reverse (Humphries et al. 2014; Schmitt et…”
Background
THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF MACROALGAL COMMUNITIES AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL GROUPINGS ON THE FRINGING REEFS OF GHARDAQAH, EGYPT
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“…impacts of increased substrate availability due to coral mortality is a massive increase in the area and abundance of crustose corallines, turf algae and upright macroalgae (Hughes, 1994; Ostrander et al, 2000; McClanahan et al, 2001; Diaz-Pulido and McCook, 2002, 2004;Aronson and Precht, 2006).”
Background
Management response to a bleaching event
Obura, D. O., Causey, B. D., & Church, J. (2006) · Coastal and estuarine studies · doi:10.1029/61ce11 · Cited by 12
Standing Out in a Big Crowd: High Cultural and Economic Value of Naso unicornis in the Insular Pacific
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Baseline data of subtropical coral communities in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Hong Kong, obtained by an underwater remote operated vehicle (ROV)
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Relationship between anthropogenic impacts and bleaching-associated tissue mortality of corals in Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles)
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“Coral bleaching can have a significant effect on the survival of coral colonies (Harriott 1985), and massive coral bleaching events have resulted world-wide in large-scale loss of coral cover (Glynn 1984, Aronson et al. 2000, Goreau et al. 2000, McClanahan et al. 2001, Riegl 2002).”
Background
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“Coral morphology is known to influence survival of temperature anomalies and bleaching (Loya et al. 2001; McClanahan et al. 2001; McClanahan 2004) but within a common morphology there may be other factors that have not been fully evaluated, including symbiont diversity and the capacity to change symbionts.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A coral population response (CPR) model for thermal stress
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Effects of estimated herbivory on the reproductive potential of four East African algal species – a mechanism behind ecosystem shifts on coral reefs?
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“…starfish outbreaks, and rapidly spreading coral diseases, which may be responsible for initiating rapid shift from coral to algal dominance (Done et al., 1996; Williams & Polunin, 2001; Ostrander et al., 2000; Aronson & Precht, 2001; McClanahan et al., 2001; Diaz-Pulido & McCook, 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Species composition and distribution of algae on the fringing coral reef of Sesoko Island (Ryukyu Archipelago) before and after the natural catastrophe of 1998
Сергеева, О. С., TITLYANOVA, T. V., & Антонинович, Т. Э. (2007) · Russian Journal of Marine Biology · doi:10.1134/s1063074007010038 · Cited by 8
“The most destructive consequences were recorded in 1998 after events of elevated surface seawater temperature in many areas of the World Ocean [ 11 ].”
BackgroundInfluential
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Among-site variability in the stochastic dynamics of East African coral reefs
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Self-citation

Authors: McClanahan, T., Muthiga, N., & Mangi, S.
Affiliations: Wildlife Conservation Society (US)
Kenya Wildlife Service (KE)
International Centre for Reproductive Health Kenya (KE)
ORCID: McClanahan, T.
Mangi, S.
Venue: Coral Reefs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-05
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: 380-391
ISSN: 0722-4028 (ISSN-L)
1432-0975
DOI: 10.1007/s003380000133
OpenAlex: W2067538462
Cited by: 274
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 13.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Coral Reefs (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal plant biology
Keywords: coral bleaching, 1998 El Niño, Indian Ocean Dipole, coral mortality, reef management, marine protected areas, herbivory, sea urchins, herbivorous fish, turf algae, fleshy algae, coral cover, fishing pressure, coral reef ecology, Acropora, Porites

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Coral and algal changes after the 1998 coral bleaching: interaction with reef management and herbivores on Kenyan reefs

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