The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pelvic floor muscle training in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and sexual dysfunction
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The objectives of the present review was to present and discuss evidence for pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training on female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and sexual dysfunction.Methods This manuscript is based on conclusions and data presented in systematic reviews on PFM training for SUI, POP and sexual dysfunction. Cochrane reviews, the 4th International Consultation on Incontinence, the NICE guidelines and the Health Technology Assessment were used as data sources. In addition, a new search on Pubmed was done from 2008 to 2011. Only data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English language is presented and discussed.Results There is Level 1, Grade A evidence that PFM training is effective in treatment of SUI. Short-term cure rates assessed as <2 g of leakage on pad testing vary between 35 and 80%. To date there are 5 RCTs showing significant effect of PFM training on either POP stage, symptoms or PFM morphology. Supervised and more intensive training is more effective than unsupervised training. There are no adverse effects. There is a lack of RCTs addressing the effect of PFM training on sexual dysfunction.Conclusions PFM training should be first line treatment for SUI and POP, but the training needs proper instruction and close follow-up to be effective. More high quality RCTs are warranted on PFM training to treat sexual dysfunction.
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“Adverse effects are rare, generally mild and transient, and consist mainly of occasional discomfort or pain, with no serious complications reported [59].”
From Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Following Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Recommendation from Scientific Literature (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“High-quality evidence consistently demonstrates that PFMT has an excellent safety and tolerability profile.”
From Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Following Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Recommendation from Scientific Literature (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
Citations
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1 retracted
Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women
Hay-Smith, J. E., Bø, K., Berghmans, B. C. M., Hendriks, E., de Bie, R. A., & van Doorn, E. S. C. V. W. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001407.pub2 · Cited by 61
Self-citationRetractedHASKELL, W. L., LEE, I.-M., PATE, R. R., POWELL, K. E., BLAIR, S. N., FRANKLIN, B. A., MACERA, C. A., HEATH, G. W., THOMPSON, P. D., & BAUMAN, A. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27 · Cited by 4,616
Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence
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Dumoulin, C. L., Hay-Smith, J. E., & Habée-Séguin, G. M. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005654.pub3 · Cited by 1,105
Progressive resistance exercise in the functional restoration of the perineal muscles
Kegel, A. H. (1948) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(48)90266-x · Cited by 745
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION
Bump, R. C., & Norton, P. (1998) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70039-5 · Cited by 695
PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN THE FUNCTIONAL RESTORATION OF THE PERINEAL MUSCLES
Kegel, A. H. (1949) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-194902000-00092 · Cited by 649
Functional Anatomy of the Female Pelvic Floor
Ashton‐Miller, J. A., & DeLancey, J. O. L. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1389.034 · Cited by 581
B�, K. (2004) · International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction · doi:10.1007/s00192-004-1125-0 · Cited by 480
Self-citationHay-Smith, J. E., & Dumoulin, C. L. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005654 · Cited by 328
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Kegel AH (1952) Stress incontinence and genital relaxation. Ciba Clinical Symp 2:35–51
- Bø K, Mørkved S (2007) Motor learning. In: Bø K, Berghmans B, Mørkved S, van Kampen M (eds) Evidence based physical therapy for the pelvic floor: bridging science and clinical practice. Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, pp 113–119
- Bø K Pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence. In: Bø K, Berghmans B, Mørkved S, van Kampen M (eds) Evidence based physical therapy for the pelvic floor: bridging science and clinical practice. Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, pp 171–187
- Stupp L, Resende APM, Bernardes BT et al (2010) Pelvic floor muscle training for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J 21:236–237
- Bø K, Aschehoug A (2007) Pelvic floor and exercise science: strength training, In: Bø K, Berghmans B, Mørkved S, van Kampen M (eds) Evidence based physical therapy for the pelvic floor: bridging science and clinical practice. Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, pp 119–132
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Li, C., Gong, Y., & Wang, B. (2016) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-015-2846-y · Cited by 154
Ayeleke, R. O., Hay-Smith, J. E., & Omar, M. I. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010551.pub3 · Cited by 124
Supporting sexuality and improving sexual function in transgender persons
Holmberg, M., Arver, S., & Dhejne, C. (2018) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/s41585-018-0108-8 · Cited by 131
The Role of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Male Sexual Dysfunction and Pelvic Pain
Cohen, D., Gonzalez, J. R., & Goldstein, I. (2016) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.10.001 · Cited by 103
Vaginal Pessary in Women With Symptomatic Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Cheung, R. Y. K., Lee, J. H. S., Lee, L. L., Chung, T. K. H., & Chan, S. S. C. (2016) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000001489 · Cited by 77
Metadata
- Authors
- Bø, K.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Bø, Kari
- ORCID
- Bø, Kari
- Venue
- World Journal of Urology
- Published
- 2011-10-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 437-443
- ISSN
- 0724-4983 (ISSN-L)
- 1433-8726
- OpenAlex
- W1987602655
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- World Journal of Urology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- pelvic floor muscle training, female stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, sexual dysfunction, first-line therapy, pelvic floor morphology
- MeSH terms
- Abdominal Muscles, Biofeedback, Psychology, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological, Urinary Incontinence, Stress, Treatment Outcome, Pelvic Floor, Muscle Strength, Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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