Daily energy expenditure of the grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ): a small primate that uses torpor

Schmid, J.; Speakman, J. R.

doi:10.1007/s003600000146

Cited by 137Physiological and biochemical adaptationsBat Biology and Ecology StudiesPrimate Behavior and Ecology

Daily energy expenditure of the grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ): a small primate that uses torpor

Schmid, J., Speakman, J. R.·2000·Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology

DOI 10.1007/s003600000146

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Abstract

We aimed to investigate the pattern of utilisation of torpor and its impact on energy budgets in free-living grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), a small nocturnal primate endemic to Madagascar. We measured daily energy expenditure (DEE) and water turnover using doubly labelled water, and we used temperature-sensitive radio collars to measure skin temperature (Tsk) and home range. Our results showed that male and female mouse lemurs in the wild enter torpor spontaneously over a wide range of ambient temperatures (Ta) during the dry season, but not during the rainy season. Mouse lemurs remained torpid between 1.7-8.9 h with a daily mean of 3.4 h, and their Tsk s fell to a minimum of 18.8 degrees C. Mean home ranges of mouse lemurs which remained normothermic were similar in the rainy and dry season. During the dry season, the mean home range of mouse lemurs showing daily torpor was significantly smaller than that of animals remaining normothermic. The DEE of M. murinus remaining normothermic in the rainy season (122 +/- 65.4 kJ x day(-1)) was about the same of that of normothermic mouse lemurs in the dry season (115.5 +/- 27.3 kJ x day(-1)). During the dry season, the mean DEE of M. murinus that utilised daily torpor was 103.4 +/- 32.7 kJ x day(-1) which is not significantly different from the mean DEE of animals remaining normothermic. We found that the DEE of mouse lemurs using daily torpor was significantly correlated with the mean temperature difference between Tsk and Ta (r2 = 0.37) and with torpor bout length (r2 = 0.46), while none of these factors explained significant amounts of variation in the DEE of the mouse lemurs remaining normothermic. The mean water flux rate of mouse lemurs using daily torpor (13.0 +/- 4.1 ml x day(-1)) was significantly lower than that of mouse lemurs remaining normothermic (19.4 +/- 3.8 ml x day(-1)), suggesting the lemurs conserve water by entering torpor. Thus, this first study on the energy budget of free-ranging M. murinus demonstrates that torpor may not only reflect its impact on the daily energy demands, but involve wider adaptive implications such as water requirements.

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Mass-adjusted DEE for Great Ape Trust orangutans was even lower than that of strepsirrhine primates using torpor to minimize energy budgets (mouse lemurs z-score −0.07; sportive lemurs −0.86).
“Mass-adjusted DEE for Great Ape Trust orangutans was even lower than that of strepsirrhine primates using torpor to minimize energy budgets [z-scores: mouse lemurs, −0.07 (17); sportive lemurs, −0.86 (18)].”
From Metabolic adaptation for low energy throughput in orangutans. (2010) · cites this paper as [17]

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Torpor and energetic consequences in free-ranging grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus): a comparison of dry and wet forests
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Daily torpor in the gray mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ) in Madagascar: energetic consequences and biological significance
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Daily Torpor in Free-Ranging Gray Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus murinus) in Madagascar
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Metabolism and temperature regulation during daily torpor in the smallest primate, the pygmy mouse lemur ( Microcebus myoxinus ) in Madagascar
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Optional strategies for reduced metabolism in gray mouse lemurs
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Self-citation

Authors: Schmid, J., & Speakman, J. R.
Affiliations: University of Tübingen (DE)
University of Aberdeen (GB)
ORCID: Speakman, J. R.
Venue: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-12-12
Volume: 170
Issue: 8
Pages: 633-641
ISSN: 0174-1578 (ISSN-L)
1432-136X
DOI: 10.1007/s003600000146
OpenAlex: W2064447172
Cited by: 136
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 11.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Comparative Physiology B (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
Deutsches Primatenzentrum
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: gray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, daily torpor, daily energy expenditure, energy balance, water turnover, water conservation, skin temperature, home range, seasonal variation, dry season, rainy season, small primates, thermoregulation, doubly labeled water, nocturnal primates, water flux
MeSH terms: Animals, Animals, Wild, Body Temperature Regulation, Body Water, Energy Metabolism, Female, Homing Behavior, Male, Rain, Seasons, Skin Temperature, Temperature, Weather, Cheirogaleidae

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Daily energy expenditure of the grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ): a small primate that uses torpor

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