Efferent functions of C-fiber nociceptors.
Abstract
C-fiber nociceptors not only serve afferent but also local efferent functions. The local efferent functions, such as vasodilatation, axon reflex flare reaction, plasma extravasation, and modulation of neuronal activity, are mediated via a local release of substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the peripheral ending. CGRP is the main mediator of the capsaicin-induced flare reaction in the mammalian skin (including humans). In the pig skin the vasodilatation is due to activation of specific heat nociceptors. In the pigeon, antidromic vasodilatation is markedly inhibited by intrinsic galanin. Plasma extravasation in the pig skin blister base or using microdialysis can be evoked by histamine, but not by electrical stimulation or capsaicin. The neurogenic component of the histamine response (64%) appears to be mediated via NK2 receptors and can be modulated by CGRP. There is some evidence that the neuropeptides can also sensitize or stimulate nociceptors. Since in the fibromyalgia syndrome an increased sensitivity of the flare reaction has been observed, the hyperalgesia might be partly due to altered functions of C-fiber nociceptors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Activity of C-fibers produces the neurogenic contribution to Evans Blue dye extravasation.
“This method relies on the fact that activity of C-fibers produces the neurogenic contribution to EB extravasation [13]”
From Sprouted Innervation into Uterine Transplants Contributes to the Development of Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis (2012) · cites this paper as [13]
Sprouting is known to be associated with an increase in the background and evoked activity of these fibers; fibers that develop sprouts become sensitized, which contributes to protein extravasation.
“Such sprouting is known to be associated with an increase in the background and evoked activity of these fibers; that is, fibers that develop sprouts become sensitized [17], [18], which contributes to protein extravasation [13].”
From Sprouted Innervation into Uterine Transplants Contributes to the Development of Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis (2012) · cites this paper as [13]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Iyengar, S., Ossipov, M. H., & Johnson, K. W. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000831 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
“This in turn can further excite adjacent nerve endings and thus propagate an expanding area of neurogenic inflammation, indicated by the erythematous flare response.(10,93,163,165)”
BackgroundASIC3, an Acid-Sensing Ion Channel, is Expressed in Metaboreceptive Sensory Neurons
Molliver, D. C., Immke, D. C., Fierro, L., Paré, M., Rice, F. L., & McCleskey, E. W. (2005) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1186/1744-8069-1-35 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
“Release of CGRP in the periphery clearly contributes to the "axon reflex", in which activation of C fibers causes vasodilation and extravasation [44,45].”
BackgroundStaud, R. M., Craggs, J. G., Perlstein, W. M., Robinson, M. E., & Price, D. D. (2008) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.02.002 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“Although peripheral sensitization also may play a role in FM pain (Littlejohn et al., 1987; Sann and Pierau, 1998; Al Allaf et al., 2001; Granot et al., 2001; Staud, 2007c), the relevance of this pain mechanism for this chronic pain syndrome is currently unknown.”
BackgroundPeripheral and central sensitization in fibromyalgia: Pathogenetic role
Staud, R. M., & Smitherman, M. L. (2002) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-002-0046-1 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“Conversely, the same chemical pain mediators can also sensitize nociceptors that then can become activated by low concentrations of BK [9, 10 ].”
BackgroundNociception, pain, and antinociception: current concepts
Riedel, W., & Neeck, G. (2001) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie · doi:10.1007/s003930170003 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“In a reciprocal fashion, however, prostaglandins can sensitize nociceptors, A as well as C fibers, to the action of BK, as well as several other stimuli, including serotonin (1, 88).”
Role of Autonomic Reflex Arcs in Cardiovascular Responses to Air Pollution Exposure
Perez, C. M., Hazari, M. S., & Farraj, A. K. (2014) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s12012-014-9272-0 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“C-nerve fiber activation causes local responses with the release of Substance P as well as reflex bronchospasm and mucus secretion, and centrally mediated responses that trigger apnea followed by rapid shallow breathing [36].”
Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of fibromyalgia
Bennett, R. M. (2009) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2009.05.009 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“It results from the local release of histamine from mast cells and the antidromic release of substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide from the peripheral endings.(51) Dermatographia was”
BackgroundMechanisms of the sensory effects of tacrolimus on the skin
Pereira, U., Boulais, N., Lebonvallet, N., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09757.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Houghton, B. L., Meendering, J. R., Wong, B. J., & Minson, C. T. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.104067 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“…human skin is a response neurally mediated by C-fibre nociceptors (Magerl & Treede, 1996; Schmelz et al. 2000), which have been shown to stimulate antidromic vasodilatation via the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (Wallengren & Hakanson, 1987; Sann & Pierau, 1998).”
BackgroundWinnard, K. P., Dmitrieva, N., & Berkley, K. J. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00455.2006 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Distinct ASIC currents are expressed in rat putative nociceptors and are modulated by nerve injury
Poirot, O., Berta, T., Décosterd, I., & Kellenberger, S. B. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.113035 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Journal compilation C© 2006 The Physiological Society neuropeptide secretion which requires Ca2+ entry into the cell (Sann & Pierau, 1998).”
BackgroundSmith, P., & Liu, M. (2002) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-001-0477-8 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Sensory nerves play an afferent role by providing peripheral information to the central nervous system and, in the case of nociceptor nerves, an efferent role by regulating cutaneous cell function and growth (Holzer 1988; Holzer and Maggi 1998; Sann and Pierau 1998 ).”
BackgroundSusceptibility loci for complex regional pain syndrome
van de Beek, W. T., Roep, B. O., van der Slik, A. R., et al. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00444-x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“For visualization, 5 ml of the amplification products were run on a 2% (w/v) agarose MP gel (Boehringer Mannheim) pre-stained with ethidium bromide.”
MethodStaud, R. M., Bovee, C. E., Robinson, M. E., & Price, D. D. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.024 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Indirect evidence for the former was suggested by studies that showed heightened microvascular reactivity in FM patients [8,15,29].”
BackgroundNeuroanatomy and neurophysiology of itch
Wallengren, J. (2005) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00041.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“CGRP is considered the main mediator of sensory nerve fibers, being the main mediator of capsaicin-induced erythema in human skin (30).”
BackgroundKim, Y. J., & Granstein, R. D. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100361 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Schwenger, N., Dux, M., Col, R. D., et al. (2007) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01321.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Cutaneous innervation: Form and function
Oaklander, A. L., & Siegel, S. M. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.08.049 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Simultaneous recording of late and ultra-late pain evoked potentials in fibromyalgia
Granot, M., Buskila, D., Granovsky, Y., Sprecher, E., Neumann, L., & Yarnitsky, D. (2001) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00646-0 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Medow, M. S., Bamji, N., Clarke, D. A., Ocon, A. J., & Stewart, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01448.2010 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
McAllister, S. L., Dmitrieva, N., & Berkley, K. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031758 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“contributes to protein extravasation [13].”
Wacnik, P. W., Baker, C. M., Herron, M. J., Kren, B. T., Blazar, B. R., Wilcox, G. L., Hordinsky, M. K., Beitz, A. J., & Ericson, M. E. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.02.024 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“…via secondary liberation of prostaglandin E2 (Kress et al., 1999) and can also act as the primary mediator of neurogenic vasodilatation (Howard and Reed, 1998), capsaicin-induced flare reaction, histamine release (Sann and Pierau, 1998), and possibly tumorigenesis (Krishna et al., 2001).”
BackgroundNeurogenic Inflammation and Arthritis
Levine, J. D., Khasar, S. G., & Green, P. G. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1351.014 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nociceptor activation and protein extravasation induced by inflammatory mediators in human skin
Lischetzki, G., Rukwied, R., Handwerker, H. O., et al. (2001) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1053/eujp.2000.0214 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“It has been postulated that part of the histamine-induced PE is of neurogenic origin because chronic application of capsaicin reduces histamine-induced PE by about 60% in pig skin (Sann and Pierau, 1998).”
BackgroundNeurotrophic Factors and Nociceptor Sensitization
Jankowski, M. P., & Koerber, H. R. (2009) · Frontiers in neuroscience · doi:10.1201/9781439812105-c2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cannon, K. E., Leurs, R., & Hough, L. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.07.014 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kaub, L., & Schmitz, C. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051355 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pereira, U., Boulais, N., Lebonvallet, N., et al. (2010) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01119.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Role of afferent pathways of heat and cold in body temperature regulation
Nomoto, S., Shibata, M., Iriki, M., & Riedel, W. (2004) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-004-0220-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Fibromyalgia After Motor Vehicle Collision: Evidence and Implications
McLean, S. A., Williams, D. A., & Clauw, D. J. (2005) · Traffic Injury Prevention · doi:10.1080/15389580580590931545 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Family members of patients with FM display not only a higher than expected frequency of FM, but also a higher frequency of conditions related to FM, including chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine headaches, and mood disorders ( Buskila et al, 1997 ; Sann et al, 1998 ).”
BackgroundRay, P. R., Wangzhou, A., Ghneim, N., Yousuf, M. S., Paige, C. A., Tavares‐Ferreira, D., Mwirigi, J. M., Shiers, S. I., Sankaranarayanan, I., McFarland, A. J., et al. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.078 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“…nociceptors, causing them to release specialized neuropeptides like calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) that cause vasodilation and plasma extravasation (Sann and Pierau, 1998) and also have direct effects on lung immune cells (Baral et al., 2018; Wallrapp et al., 2019).”
Maturo, M. G., Soligo, M., Gibson, G. C., Manni, L., & Nardini, C. (2019) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-019-00195-w · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Altered thermal hyperaemia in human skin by prior desensitization of neurokinin-1 receptors
Wong, B. J., & Minson, C. T. (2011) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.057356 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Walters, E. T. (2017) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2017.01.006 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…neurogenic inflammation (Wang et al., 2004), which is mediated by release of the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P from peripheral terminals of these sensory neurons (Birklein and Schmelz, 2008, Sann and Pierau, 1998), and possibly within the DRG (Huang and Neher, 1996, Zhang and Zhou, 2002).”
Jonasson, H., Bergstrand, S., Nyström, F. H., Länne, T., Östgren, C. J., Bjarnegård, N., Fredriksson, I., Larsson, M., & Tomas Strömberg, A. (2017) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164117707706 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Molecular and functional diversity of the autonomic nervous system
Wang, T., Tufenkjian, A., Ajijola, O., & Oka, Y. (2025) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-025-00941-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A heretofore undisclosed crux of Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome: compromised histamine degradation
Smith, M. J., & Garrett, R. H. (2005) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-005-1380-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“An increased sensitivity of the fl are reaction in fi bromyalgia may be partly due to altered C fi ber nociceptors for pain stimuli [95].”
The role of chemosensitive afferent nerves and TRP ion channels in the pathomechanism of headaches
Dux, M., Sántha, P., & Jancsó, G. (2012) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-012-1142-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Neurogenic inflammation is a sterile inflammatory reaction brought about by the release of CGRP, SP, and probably NKA from sensory nerve endings as a consequence of antidromic or orthodromic stimulation of nociceptive afferent nerves [42, 48, 60, 61, 103, 112].”
Lykkegaard, K., Lauritzen, B., Tessem, L., et al. (2005) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.11.017 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
TRPV1 and SP : key elements for sepsis outcome?
Bodkin, J. V., & Fernandes, E. S. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12056 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Upon activation they show dual functionality, conducting the danger signal to higher centres, often associated with the feeling of pain, and also antidromically releasing inflammation modulating substances into the tissue (Sann and Pierau, 1998).”
BackgroundResolvins RvD1 and 17(R)-RvD1 alleviate signs of inflammation in a rat model of endometriosis
Dmitrieva, N., Suess, G., & Shirley, R. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.046 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Recent advances in the role of neuroregulation in skin wound healing
Mamun, A. A., Shao, C., Geng, P., Wang, S., & Xiao, J. (2024) · Burns & Trauma · doi:10.1093/burnst/tkae072 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“This system influences blood vessel widening, plasma leakage, pain regulation through neural modulation, and nerve activity– induced inflammation [309, 310].”
Skin biopsy findings: Implications for the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia
Kim, S.-H. (2007) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.10.057 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“With the recognition of abnormalities in skin of some FMS patients, it is now apparent that the role of peripheral nerve endings in FMS is much greater than previously thought [8–15].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHoffman, E. M., Zhang, Z., Schechter, R., et al. (2016) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom6010010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Although the peripheral axon terminals are afferent receptors, some of them also have efferent capabilities [6,7], e.”
BackgroundObreja, O., Klusch, A., Ponelies, N., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.11.010 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hoffman, E. M., & Miller, K. E. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.066 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Primary afferent nociceptors have an efferent role during inflammation [36].”
BackgroundHoffman, E. M., Zhang, Z., Anderson, M. C., Schechter, R., & Miller, K. E. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.069 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“They are also responsible for the efferent functions of nociceptors during neurogenic inflammation (Pedersen-Bjergaard et al., 1991, Sann and Pierau, 1998).”
BackgroundEffects of sangre de drago in an in vitro model of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation
Pereira, U., Gal, C. G.-L., Gal, G. L., et al. (2010) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01090.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Ameliorates Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Neonatal Rats
Dang, H., Yang, L., Wang, S., Fang, F., & Xu, F. (2012) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.227.129 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Learning the regulation of peripheral blood flow.
SPARKS, H. V. (1999) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advances.1999.277.6.s164 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Although ATP and substance P have had their advocates, it appears that the mediator of the axon reflex is calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) (15).”
BackgroundMedow, M. S., Aggarwal, A. K., Baugham, I. L., Messer, Z. R., & Stewart, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00821.2012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The first heat peak being due to C-fiber nociceptor-mediated axon reflex (25, 35, 37) that results in vasodilatation is presumed to occur through the local release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (35, 51), substance P (5, 51), and neuropeptide Y (13).”
BackgroundIs fibromyalgia an autoimmune disorder of endogenous vasoactive neuropeptides?
Staines, D. (2004) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.01.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Turner, C. G., Miller, J. T., Otis, J. S., Hayat, M. J., Quyyumi, A. A., & Wong, B. J. (2020) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14437 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“CGRP and substance P are colocalized in sensory nerve terminals and both elicit antidromic vasodilation (Sann & Pierau, 1998; Wallengren & Hakanson, 1987), but the exact role of either neuropeptide in sensory nerve-mediated vasodilation is not completely understood.”
BackgroundAn Update on Wound Healing and the Nervous System
Hanna, K. R., & Katz, A. J. (2011) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0b013e31822284de · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“This system affects vasodilation and plasma extravasation, neural modulation in pain, and neurogenic inflammation.(10) SP and CGRP receptors are found on keratinocytes.”
BackgroundAl‐Allaf, A. W., Khan, F., Moreland, J., et al. (2001) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/40.10.1097 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pailleux, F., Lemoine, J., & Beaudry, F. (2012) · Biomedical Chromatography · doi:10.1002/bmc.2746 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sun, J., Wang, D., Wei, Y., Wang, D., Ji, Z., Sun, W., Wang, X., Wang, P., Paccione, N., Larrarte, E., et al. (2024) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d4nr04454a · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yoshida, A., Nishibata, M., Maruyama, T., Sunami, S., Isono, K., & Kawamata, T. (2023) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.12.012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, X., Sun, J., Wang, P., et al. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c14983 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jang, J. H., Nam, T. S., Jun, J., et al. (2015) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2015/793624 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ray, P. R., Wangzhou, A., Ghneim, N., et al. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3581446 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Basedau, H., Oppermann, T., Silva, E. G., et al. (2023) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.14471 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical study of cutaneous nerves in the emu
Weir, K. A., & Lunam, C. A. (2006) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0245-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“In domestic fowl, electrical and chemical stimulation of c-fibre nociceptors results in plasma extravasation (Gentle and Hunter 1993), a known component of the mammalian inflammatory response ( Sann and Pierau 1998 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialGreaves, M. W. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444317633.ch21 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pereira, U., & Misery, L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-322-8_9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Neurogenic Regulation of Bradykinin-Induced Synovitis
Green, P. G. (2008) · Neuroimmune biology · doi:10.1016/s1567-7443(08)10411-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Just, S., & Heppelmann, B. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00125-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rousseau, E. (2012) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2012.10.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…of the spinal cord possibly mime a nociceptive input while antidromic impulses in the nerve ending’s territory make C fiber endings act like a gland (Sann and Pierau, 1998), releasing Substance P and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide which are vasoactive peptides (Butler, 1991), causing plasma…”
BackgroundEffect of Cerebral Laterality on the Healing of Cutaneous Wounds in Normal and Split-brain Rats
Shokouhi, G., Abbasi, M. M., Ghorbanihaghjo, A., et al. (2008) · Neurosurgery Quarterly · doi:10.1097/wnq.0b013e3181824e84 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in pain and migraine: a mini-review
Naafs, M. A. (2018) · Endocrinology&Metabolism International Journal · doi:10.15406/emij.2018.06.00166 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“These also include procalcitonin(proCT), calcitonin (CT), adrenomedullin (AM), amylin (AMY), intermedin (AM2) as well as the carboxy-terminal fragments CGRP(18-37) and CGRP(19-37).”
Gershon, D., Barkai, O., Engelmayer, N., et al. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003817 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Manso, M. G., & Díaz, J. R. (2010) · Osteopatía Científica · doi:10.1016/s1886-9297(10)70003-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Paresthesia: what causes this sensory phenomenon?
Carrero, G. (2004) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rapm.2003.11.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Montero, R. P. (2001) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v09n03_04 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Klein, C. P. (2014) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Investigation of the roles of acid sensing proteins in rheumatoid arthritis
Albloui, F. (2016) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Horie, S., Matsumoto, K., & Tashima, K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1074-4_10
Carrero, G. (2004) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1097/00115550-200401000-00015
Efferent signaling along nociceptive peripheral terminals in vivo is enhanced during inflammationPreprint
Gershon, D., Barkai, O., Engelmayer, N., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.01.636018
Primary and Secondary Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
Clinch, J., Lee, R. R., & Prescott, S. A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11980-4.00055-6
Spinal afferent endings in the gastrointestinal tract
Spencer, N. J., Zagorodnyuk, V. P., Sharrad, D. F., & Hibberd, T. J. (2026) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2026.103448
Novel Role for CGRP in Aqueous Humor Outflow
Mavlyutov, T. A., Bilal, S. E., Sharmin, T., & McDowell, C. M. (2026) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.67.8.39
“12,43 We hypothesized that similar pressure-related changes in the TM may lead to local activation of TRPV1 receptors, release of CGRP, and modulation of TM cell function in areas that are innervated by these CGRP-positive neurites (Fig.”
Commaroto, S. A., & Granstein, R. D. (2026) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.70262
“CGRP is expressed in approximately 45% of DRG neurons, mainly small-diameter unmyelinated C-fibers [73, 74].”
- Authors
- Sann, H., & Pierau, F.-K.
- Affiliations
- Solvay (Germany) (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Venue
- Zeitschrift f�r Rheumatologie
- Published
- 1998-12-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- S8-S13
- ISSN
- 0340-1855 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1250
- OpenAlex
- W2071345259
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- C-fiber nociceptors, reflex vasodilatation, flare reaction, plasma extravasation, substance P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide, capsaicin, galanin, histamine, NK2 receptor, fibromyalgia, hyperalgesia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Capsaicin, Efferent Pathways, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Inflammation, Nerve Fibers, Nociceptors, Skin, Substance P, Swine, Neurokinin A, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
