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The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics

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Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease

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Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade

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Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology.

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Phases of Aβ-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD

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Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry

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Sequence of proteome profiles in preclinical and symptomatic Alzheimer's disease

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Obesity during preclinical Alzheimer's disease development exacerbates brain metabolic decline

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The Role of -Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neurodegeneration

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Mild cognitive impairment (part 2): biological markers for diagnosis and prediction of dementia in Alzheimer's disease

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Associations between CSF cortisol and CSF norepinephrine in cognitively normal controls and patients with amnestic MCI and AD dementia

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Differential Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits is An Early Event in the Actions of Soluble Amyloid-β1-40 Oligomers on Hippocampal Neurons

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Role of tau versus TDP‐43 pathology on medial temporal lobe atrophy in aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Disrupted functional connectivity of the locus coeruleus in healthy adults with parental history of Alzheimer's disease

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Degeneration of the locus coeruleus is a common feature of tauopathies and distinct from TDP-43 proteinopathies in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum

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Widespread Reduced Density of Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus Axons in the App Knock-In Mouse Model of Amyloid-β Amyloidosis

Sakakibara, Y., Hirota, Y., Ibaraki, K., Takei, K., Chikamatsu, S., Tsubokawa, Y., Saito, T., Saido, T. C., Sekiya, M., & Iijima, K. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210385 · Cited by 26

Towards an understanding of the pathological basis of senile depression and incident dementia: Implications for treatment

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APOE Genotype and Entorhinal Cortex Volume in Non-Demented Community-Dwelling Adults in Midlife and Early Old Age

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Evidence for sortilin modulating regional accumulation of human tau prions in transgenic mice

Johnson, N. R., Condello, C., Guan, S., Oehler, A., Becker, J., Gavidia, M., Carlson, G. A., Giles, K., & Prusiner, S. B. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1717193114 · Cited by 25

The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Ameliorates High-fat Induced Cognitive Decline in Tauopathy Model Mice

Nakaoku, Y., Saitô, S., Yamamoto, Y., Maki, T., Takahashi, R., & Ihara, M. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20102539 · Cited by 26

Environmental novelty exacerbates stress hormones and Aβ pathology in an Alzheimer’s model

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Molecular abnormalities in autopsied brain tissue from the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles of nonagenarians and Alzheimer disease patients

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Aging-relevant human basal forebrain cholinergic neurons as a cell model for Alzheimer’s disease

Ma, S., Zang, T., Liu, M.-L., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-020-00411-6 · Cited by 25

The Significance of Tau Aggregates in the Human Brain

Castellani, R. J. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10120972 · Cited by 25

Age-related neuroinflammation and pathology in the locus coeruleus and hippocampus: beta-adrenergic antagonists exacerbate impairment of learning and memory in aged mice

Evans, A. K., Park, H. H., Saw, N. L., Singhal, K., Ogawa, G., Leib, R. D., & Shamloo, M. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.012 · Cited by 25

Associations between MRI-assessed locus coeruleus integrity and cortical gray matter microstructure

Elman, J. A., Puckett, O. K., Hagler, D. J., Pearce, R. C., Fennema‐Notestine, C., Hatton, S. N., Lyons, M. J., McEvoy, L. K., Panizzon, M. S., Reas, E. T., et al. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab475 · Cited by 25

Monoclonal antibodies and aptamers: The future therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease

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Inferior frontal gyrus preserves working memory and emotional learning under conditions of impaired noradrenergic signaling

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Absence of a Role for Phosphorylation in the Tau Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Lai, R. Y. K., Harrington, C. R., & Wischik, C. M. (2016) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom6020019 · Cited by 24

Modeling neurodegeneration in chronic traumatic encephalopathy using gradient damage models

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Finding specificity in structural brain alterations through Bayesian reverse inference

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Presence of severe neuroinflammation does not intensify neurofibrillary degeneration in human brain

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Astrocyte- and Microglia-Specific Mitochondrial DNA Deletions Levels in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

Strobel, S., Grünblatt, E., Heinsen, H., Riederer, P. F., Espach, T., Meder, M., & Monoranu, C. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180661 · Cited by 23

Neuropathological changes and cognitive deficits in rats transgenic for human mutant tau recapitulate human tauopathy

Malcolm, J. C., Breuillaud, L., Carmo, S. D., Hall, H., Welikovitch, L. A., Macdonald, J. A., Goedert, M., & Cuello, A. C. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.018 · Cited by 25

The histopathological staging of tau, but not amyloid, corresponds to antemortem cognitive status, dementia stage, functional abilities and neuropsychiatric symptoms

Malpas, C. B., Sharmin, S., & Kalinčík, T. (2020) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2020.1758087 · Cited by 25

Early Electrophysiological Disintegration of Hippocampal Neural Networks in a Novel Locus Coeruleus Tau-Seeding Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Ahnaou, A., Walsh, C., Manyakov, N. V., Youssef, S. A., & Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M. (2019) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2019/6981268 · Cited by 24

Topographical Overlapping of the Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies in the Default Mode Network Predicts Alzheimer’s Disease with Higher Specificity

Hojjati, S. H., Feiz, F., Ozoria, S., Razlighi, Q. R., & Initiative, F. T. A. D. N. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210419 · Cited by 22

Tau-Mediated Dysregulation of Neuroplasticity and Glial Plasticity

Koller, E. J., & Chakrabarty, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00151 · Cited by 23

Pathway-specific polygenic scores for Alzheimer’s disease are associated with changes in brain structure in younger and older adults

Harrison, J. R., Foley, S. F., Baker, E. A., Bracher‐Smith, M., Holmans, P., Stergiakouli, E., Linden, D. E. J., Caseras, X., Jones, D. K., & Escott‐Price, V. (2023) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad229 · Cited by 23

Personalized Medicine of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Diagnostic effectiveness of quantitative [18F]flutemetamol PET imaging for detection of fibrillar amyloid β using cortical biopsy histopathology as the standard of truth in subjects with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

Leinonen, V., Rinne, J. O., Wong, D. F., Wolk, D. A., Trojanowski, J. Q., Sherwin, P. F., Smith, A. P. L., Heurling, K., Su, M., & Grachev, I. D. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/2051-5960-2-46 · Cited by 24

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid and Tau Levels Identifies Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients Progressing to Alzheimer’s Disease

Ma, Y., Brettschneider, J. A., & Collingwood, J. F. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071713 · Cited by 24

CSF in Alzheimer's Disease

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Amide proton transfer-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of human brain aging at 3 Tesla

Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., Yao, J., Gao, F., Gong, T., Jiang, S., Chen, W., Zhou, J., & Wang, G. (2020) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims.2020.02.22 · Cited by 21

Alzheimer’s disease is an inherent, natural part of human brain aging: an integrated perspective

Ferrer, I. (2022) · Free Neuropathology · doi:10.17879/freeneuropathology-2022-3806 · Cited by 25

Suppressing UBE2N ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology through the clearance of amyloid beta

Zhang, C., Jia, Q., Zhu, L., Hou, J., Wang, X., Li, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Su, Y., Tu, Z., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14122 · Cited by 19

Synaptic Localisation of Tau

Hanger, D. P., Goniotaki, D., & Noble, W. J. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_9 · Cited by 23

Perspectives on the Tertiary Prevention Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease

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Prediction of rapid amyloid and phosphorylated‐Tau accumulation in cognitively healthy individuals

Koychev, I. G., Vaci, N., Bilgel, M., An, Y., Terrera, G. M., Wong, D. F., Gallacher, J., Mogekhar, A., Albert, M., & Resnick, S. M. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12019 · Cited by 21

A review of proposed mechanisms for neurodegenerative disease

Kelser, B. M., Teichner, E. M., Subtirelu, R. C., & Hoss, K. N. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1370580 · Cited by 20

Characterizing the human APOE epsilon 4 knock-in transgene in female and male rats with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging

Kulkarni, P., Grant, S. E., Morrison, T. R., Cai, X., Iriah, S. C., Kristal, B. S., Honeycutt, J. A., Brenhouse, H. C., Hartner, J. C., Madularu, D., et al. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147030 · Cited by 19

Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk and sleep phenotypes in healthy young men: association with more slow waves and daytime sleepiness

Muto, V., Koshmanova, E., Ghaemmaghami, P., Jaspar, M., Meyer, C., Elansary, M., Egroo, M. V., Chylinski, D., Berthomier, C., Brandewinder, M., et al. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa137 · Cited by 26

Gut Microbiota and Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

Dai, C., Liu, F., Iqbal, K., & Gong, C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232315230 · Cited by 22

Cofilin promotes tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease

Yan, M., Tang, L., Dai, L., Lei, C., Xiong, M., Zhang, X., He, M., Tian, Y., Xiong, J., Ke, W., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112138 · Cited by 20

Role of β-Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration in Subsequent Imaging Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Knopman, D. S., Jack, C. R., Lundt, E. S., Wiste, H. J., Weigand, S. D., Vemuri, P., Lowe, V. J., Kantarci, K., Gunter, J. L., Senjem, M. L., et al. (2015) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2323 · Cited by 20

Genetic modification of the relationship between phosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration

Hohman, T. J., Koran, M. E. I., Thornton‐Wells, T. A., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2014) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.022 · Cited by 21

Can lesions to the motor cortex induce amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

The ALS Schwaben Register Group, Rosenbohm, A., Kassubek, J., Weydt, P., Marroquin, N., Volk, A. E., Kubisch, C., Huppertz, H., Weber, M., Andersen, P. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-013-7185-7 · Cited by 21

Relationship between Cognitive and Sleep–wake Variables in Asymptomatic Offspring of Patients with Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Abulafia, C., Duarte-Abritta, B., Villarreal, M. F., Ladrón-de-Guevara, M. S., García, C., Sequeyra, G., Sevlever, G. E., Fiorentini, L., Bär, K., Gustafson, D., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00093 · Cited by 20

Higher cerebrospinal fluid tau is associated with history of traumatic brain injury and reduced processing speed in Vietnam‐era veterans: A Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (DOD‐ADNI) study

Clark, A. L., Weigand, A. J., Bangen, K. J., Thomas, K. R., Eglit, G. M. L., Bondi, M. W., Delano‐Wood, L., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12239 · Cited by 20

Prevention of Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies, Associated Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Deficit by Early Treatment with a Neurotrophic Compound

Baazaoui, N., & Iqbal, K. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170075 · Cited by 20

Plasma pTau217 ratio predicts continuous regional brain tau accumulation in amyloid‐positive early Alzheimer's disease

Devanarayan, V., Charil, A., Horie, K., Doherty, T., Llano, D. A., Andreozzi, E., Sachdev, P., Ye, Y., Murali, L. K., Zhou, J., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14411 · Cited by 19

Locus coeruleus tau validates and informs high-resolution MRI in aging and at earliest Alzheimer’s pathology stages

Hary, A. T., Chadha, S., Mercaldo, N. D., Smith, E. N., van der Kouwe, A. J. W., Fischl, B. R., Mount, C., Kozanno, L. N., Frosch, M. P., & Augustinack, J. C. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-01957-6 · Cited by 24

Mesial temporal tau in amyloid-β-negative cognitively normal older persons

Krishnadas, N., Doré, V., Groot, C., Lamb, F., Bourgeat, P., Burnham, S. C., Huang, K., Goh, A., Masters, C. L., Villemagne, V. L., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-00993-x · Cited by 23

Salivary Aβ1–42 may be a quick-tested biomarker for clinical use in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis

Fan, Z., Li, Z., Zhao, S., Chen, Y., Su, Y., Peng, G., & Luo, B. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11509-w · Cited by 20

Age-related appearance of dendritic inclusions in catecholaminergic brainstem neurons

Braak, H., Thal, D. R., Matschke, J., Ghebremedhin, E., & Tredici, K. D. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.031 · Cited by 19

Intraneuronal accumulation of misfolded tau protein induces overexpression of Hsp27 in activated astrocytes

Filipčík, P., Cente, M., Žilka, N., Smolek, T., Hanes, J., Kučerák, J., Opattová, A., Kováčech, B., & Novák, M. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.003 · Cited by 19

Molecular mechanisms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy

van den Bedem, H., & Ellen Kuhl, A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2017.02.003 · Cited by 21

How to demix Alzheimer-type and PSP-type tau lesions out of their mixture -hybrid approach to dissect comorbidity-

Ebashi, M., Ito, Y., Uematsu, M., Nakamura, A., Hirokawa, K., Kamei, S., & Uchihara, T. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0708-4 · Cited by 19

Mid to late‐life scores of depression in the cognitively healthy are associated with cognitive status and Alzheimer's disease pathology at death

Robinson, A., Roncaroli, F., Davidson, Y. S., Minshull, J., Heal, C., Montaldi, D., Payton, A., Horan, M. A., Pendleton, N., & Mann, D. M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5470 · Cited by 19

Tyrosinase-induced neuromelanin accumulation triggers rapid dysregulation and degeneration of the mouse locus coeruleusPreprint

Hassanein, L., Mulvey, B., Blankenship, H. E., Tish, M., Korukonda, A., Liles, L. C., Sharpe, A. L., Paré, J., Villalba, R. M., Chen, X., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.530845 · Cited by 19

Emerging biomarkers of postoperative delirium at the intersection of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Leng, K., Maze, M., & Chang, O. L. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1632947 · Cited by 18

Primary age-related tauopathy

Richardson, T. E., Walker, J. M., Farrell, K. W., Oliveira, T. G., White, C. L., & Crary, J. F. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-025-02943-x · Cited by 25

Evaluation of BCG Vaccination and Plasma Amyloid: A Prospective, Pilot Study with Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

Dow, C. T., Greenblatt, C. L., Chan, E. D., & Dow, J. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10020424 · Cited by 18

Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia with Minocycline Improves Cognitive and Sleep-Wake Dysfunction Under Respiratory Stress in a Sporadic Model for Alzheimer’s Disease

Vicente, M. C., Paneghini, J. D. L., Stabile, A. M., Amorim, M. R., Silva, C. E. A., Patrone, L. G. A., Cunha, T. M., Bícego, K. C., Almeida, M. C., Carrettiero, D. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230151 · Cited by 21

Orexin 2 receptor antagonism sex‐dependently improves sleep/wakefulness and cognitive performance in tau transgenic mice

Keenan, R. J., Daykin, H. J., Metha, J. A., Cornthwaite‐Duncan, L., Wright, D. K., Clarke, K. M., Oberrauch, S., Brian, M. L., Stephenson, S. E. M., Nowell, C. J., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.16212 · Cited by 17

Locus coeruleus activity while awake is associated with REM sleep quality in older individuals

Koshmanova, E., Berger, A., Beckers, E., Campbell, I., Mortazavi, N., Sharifpour, R., Paparella, I., Balda, F., Berthomier, C., Degueldre, C., et al. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.172008 · Cited by 20

Sequence and trajectory of early Alzheimer’s disease-related tau inclusions in the hippocampal formation of cases without amyloid-β deposits

Braak, H., Mayer, B., Feldengut, S., Schön, M., & Tredici, K. D. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-025-02862-x · Cited by 20

Multiregional Age-Associated Reduction of Brain Neuronal Reserve Without Association With Neurofibrillary Degeneration or β-Amyloidosis

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Analysis of brain region-specific co-expression networks reveals clustering of established and novel genes associated with Alzheimer disease

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