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The lysosomal function of progranulin, a guardian against neurodegeneration
Open accessAbstract
Progranulin (PGRN), encoded by the GRN gene in humans, is a secreted growth factor implicated in a multitude of processes ranging from regulation of inflammation to wound healing and tumorigenesis. The clinical importance of PGRN became especially evident in 2006, when heterozygous mutations in the GRN gene, resulting in haploinsufficiency, were found to be one of the main causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTLD is a clinically heterogenous disease that results in the progressive atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Despite significant research, the exact function of PGRN and its mechanistic relationship to FTLD remain unclear. However, growing evidence suggests a role for PGRN in the lysosome-most striking being that homozygous GRN mutation leads to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a lysosomal storage disease. Since this discovery, several links between PGRN and the lysosome have been established, including the existence of two independent lysosomal trafficking pathways, intralysosomal processing of PGRN into discrete functional peptides, and direct and indirect regulation of lysosomal hydrolases. Here, we summarize the cellular functions of PGRN, its roles in the nervous system, and its link to multiple neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus dedicated to recent lysosome-related mechanistic developments.
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“Interestingly, both GRN and TMEM106B are reported to be involved in defective endosome/lysosome trafficking/function49,50, a defect that is also observed in AD.”
From New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
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“We also identified two lysosomal proteins, GRN and TMEM106B80,81, that are associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD)82,83 but were also identified in the latest AD risk GWAS23.”
From Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies neurologically relevant regulation and implicates causal proteins for Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [80]
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Tissue-specific immune and MAPK signatures in models of reduced Progranulin and Western diet
Merchak, A. R., Rodrigues, M. E. D. S., Cole, C. L., Neighbarger, N. K., Bhavsar, N., Wallings, R. L., Joers, V. L., Chang, J., Kelly, S. D., Sampson, T. R., et al. (2026) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2026.107287 · Cited by 1
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The role of Grn in the development of mouse cochlear nucleus synapses
Deng, M., & Hu, Z. (2026) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2026.109674 · Cited by 1
Sawyer, R. P., Shinagawa, S., & Miller, B. L. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813866-3.00003-5 · Cited by 1
Animal granulins: In the GRN scheme of things
Bowhay, C., & Hanington, P. C. (2023) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2023.105115 · Cited by 1
Developing a scoring system for gene curation prioritization in lysosomal diseases
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Cao, Z., He, W., Hu, R., Chen, Y., Xue, J., Gao, F., & Lan, Y. (2025) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110616 · Cited by 1
Fluid and Imaging Markers of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Prinse, F., Houwer, J. F. H. D., Dopper, E. G. P., & Seelaar, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80849-4_9 · Cited by 1
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Pgrn Alleviates Cerebral Amyloid-β Burden and Cognitive Impairments via Mediating NeuroinflammationPreprint
Xu, W., Tan, C., Cao, X., Yu, J., & Tan, L. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-32425/v1
Lee, C. (2021) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0400595
New alkylating agents: butyrophenone derivatives.
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Upregulation of Trem2 expression occurs exclusively on microglial contact with plaquesPreprint
Wood, J. I., Wong, E., Joghee, R., Balbaa, A., Vitanova, K. S., VanSchoiack, A., Phelan, S.-L. J., Launchbury, F., Desai, S., Tripathi, T., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477873
PGRN alleviates cerebral amyloid-β burden and cognitive impairments via mediating neuroinflammationPreprint
Xu, W., Tan, C., Cao, X., Yu, J., & Tan, L. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-44700/v1
PGRN Alleviates Cerebral Amyloid-β Burden and Cognitive Impairments via Mediating NeuroinflammationPreprint
Xu, W. G., Tan, C., Cao, X., Yu, J., & Tan, L. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-51744/v1
Correcting the Aberrant Progranulin-Deficient Lysosomal Proteome via HDAC InhibitionPreprint
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Progranulin in diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis. Is it reliable?
Abd-Elhay, O. M., Elgendy, S. A., Mohamed, R. S., & Khashaba, R. A. (2023) · Benha Journal of Applied Sciences · doi:10.21608/bjas.2024.254725.1293
Ondaro, J., Zúñiga-Elizari, J. L., Zufiría, M., Garciandia-Arcelus, M., Zulaica, M., Lafarga, M., Riancho, J., Holt, I. J., de Munaín, A. L., Moreno, F., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.22.576606
HIF-1α is Required to Differentiate the Neonatal Macrophage Secretome from AdultsPreprint
Becker, A., Filipp, M. E., Lantz, C. W., Glinton, K. E., & Thorp, E. B. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.591000
Degenerazioni lobari frontotemporali: neuropatologia, genetica e classificazione
Saracino, D., Ber, I. L., & Deramecourt, V. (2024) · EMC - Neurologia · doi:10.1016/s1634-7072(24)49339-2
Dedert, C., & Xu, F. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4510864/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Paushter, D. H., Du, H., Feng, T., & Hu, F.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Fenghua
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica
- Published
- 2018-05-09
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-17
- ISSN
- 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0533
- PMC
- PMC6117207
- OpenAlex
- W2802961407
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 161
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS088448, R01NS095954)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- progranulin, lysosomes, lysosomal trafficking, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, haploinsufficiency, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, lysosomal storage disease, lysosomal enzymes, neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Progranulins, Animals, Humans, Lysosomes, Models, Biological, Mutation, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Protein Transport
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