Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation
Abstract
We performed quantification of IL 2, IL 4, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, GM-CSF, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha in human dermal wounds for wound age estimation. The proliferation of dermal cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also analyzed. Neutrophils and macrophages were detected from 2 h post-injury, and strong infiltrations were seen at 33-49 h. T and B lymphocytes also infiltrated simultaneously from 71 h. Strong proliferation of fibroblasts were shown from 246 h, and thickening of the epidermis from 71 h. IL 10, GM-CSF, IFNgamma, and TNF alpha increased from the early phase of dermal wound healing, IL 6 exclusively in the middle phase, IL 2, IL 4, and IL 8 from the middle phase to the late phase. Among the cytokines analyzed in the present study, IL 6, IL 8, IFNgamma, and TNF alpha were strongly expressed. Results of the present study suggest that multiplex cytokine analysis at the wound site can be useful for wound age estimation. In addition, multiplex data obtained from the same sample with a single method would demonstrate more accurate interactions of cytokines during dermal wound healing. Although the present study was oriented to practical forensic pathology, the data obtained would be informative for various fields of medicine.
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IL-4 gene expression is elevated from 1 to 7 days in rat skin wounds, and protein expression is elevated between 12 h and 10 days in human skin wounds.
“However, IL-4 gene expression is elevated from 1 to 7 days in rat skin wounds [56], and protein expression is elevated between 12 h and 10 days in human skin wounds (peak ϳ12 pg/mg protein in injured skin vs. nearly undetectable in uninjured) [58]; IL-4 protein is present at similar levels in infarcted rat myocardium [72].”
From Macrophage phenotypes during tissue repair (2013) · cites this paper as [58]
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Macrophage phenotypes during tissue repair
Novak, M. L., & Koh, T. J. (2013) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1012512 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
- Authors
- Takamiya, M., Fujita, S., Saigusa, K., & Aoki, Y.
- Affiliations
- Iwate Medical University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Takamiya, Masataka
- ORCID
- Aoki, Yasuhiro
- Venue
- International Journal of Legal Medicine
- Published
- 2007-08-28
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-148
- ISSN
- 0044-3433 (ISSN-L)
- 0937-9827
- 1437-1596
- OpenAlex
- W1967958218
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Legal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
- Keywords
- wound age estimation, skin wounds, cytokines, multiplex bead immunoassay, wound healing, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma, TNF-α, GM-CSF, interleukin-2, IL-4, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, epidermal thickening, forensic pathology
- MeSH terms
- B-Lymphocytes, Female, Fibroblasts, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Male, Neutrophils, Skin, T-Lymphocytes, Wound Healing, Cytokines, Cell Proliferation, Forensic Pathology
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