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Physical exercise improves quality of life, depressive symptoms, and cognition across chronic brain disorders: a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
We performed a meta-analysis to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of physical exercise as an add-on therapeutic intervention for quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms and cognition across six chronic brain disorders: Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and unipolar depression. 122 studies ( = k ) ( n = 7231) were included. Exercise was superior to treatment as usual in improving QoL ( k = 64, n = 4334, ES = 0.40, p < 0.0001), depressive symptoms ( k = 60, n = 2909, ES = 0.78, p < 0.0001), the cognitive domains attention and working memory ( k = 21, n = 1313, ES = 0.24, p < 0.009), executive functioning ( k = 14, n = 977, ES = 0.15, p = 0.013), memory ( k = 12, n = 994, ES = 0.12, p = 0.038) and psychomotor speed ( k = 16, n = 896, ES = 0.23, p = 0.003). Meta-regression showed a dose–response effect for exercise time (min/week) on depressive symptoms ( β = 0.007, p = 0.012). 69% of the studies that reported on safety, found no complications. Exercise is an efficacious and safe add-on therapeutic intervention showing a medium-sized effect on QoL and a large effect on mood in patients with chronic brain disorders, with a positive dose–response correlation. Exercise also improved several cognitive domains with small but significant effects.
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“Improvements in depression were paralleled by improvements in behavioral markers of cognitive control (ES = 0.24), with a high degree of heterogeneity (16).”
From The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Begemann, M. J., Brand, B. A., Ćurčić-Blake, B., Aleman, A., & Sommer, I. E. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720003670 · Cited by 368
Self-citationThe Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review
Smith, P. J., & Merwin, R. M. (2021) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022943 · Cited by 360
Metadata
- Authors
- Dauwan, M., Begemann, M. J. H., Slot, M. I. E., Lee, E. H. M., Scheltens, P., & Sommer, I. E. C.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Queen Mary Hospital (CN)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Dauwan, Meenakshi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology
- Published
- 2019-08-14
- Volume
- 268
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1222-1246
- ISSN
- 0012-1037 (ISSN-L)
- 0340-5354
- 1432-1459
- PMC
- PMC7990819
- OpenAlex
- W2968168409
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 261
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- zonmw (40-00812-98-13009)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- physical activity, quality of life, depressive symptoms, cognition, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, executive function, memory, attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, dose-response relationship, exercise safety, adjunctive therapy
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Depression, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Quality of Life, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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