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Inhomogeneous architectural changes of the quadriceps femoris induced by resistance training
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to clarify whether resistance training-induced changes in muscle architecture are homogeneous among the quadriceps and over different regions within each muscle.Methods Eleven recreationally active men (27 ± 2 years) completed a 12-week resistance training program for knee extensors. Before and after the intervention, muscle thicknesses, fascicle lengths, and pennation angles of the four muscles (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris) in several regions (2-4 regions per each muscle) were measured using ultrasonography. Anatomical cross-sectional areas (ACSAs) at the same positions as the ultrasound measurements were determined from magnetic resonance images.Results Relative increases in the ACSA, muscle thickness, and pennation angle of the rectus femoris were significantly greater than those of the vasti. Relative increases in the ACSAs of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were significantly greater in the distal than in the proximal region, and those in the muscle thickness and pennation angle of the vastus intermedius were significantly greater in the medial than in the lateral region. Fascicle lengths did not change in any muscles. The interrelations between muscle thickness and pennation angle remained unchanged after the intervention, with a significant association between the relative changes of the two variables.Conclusion The current results indicate that (1) hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris is associated with a proportional increase in pennation angle but not necessarily in fascicle length, and (2) training-induced changes in muscle size and pennation do not evenly occur among the quadriceps, along or across a muscle.
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“Previous short-term RT studies, documenting relatively limited hypertrophy, have, however, repeatedly reported nonuniform regional hypertrophy, both between and along the individual quadriceps muscles, although curiously the pattern of regional hypertrophy has been surprisingly diverse [i.e., which muscles and locations had the greatest hypertrophy (26, 35, 37, 43, 44, 57, 58, 61, 69, 75, 76)].”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
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“the findings of the present study are surprisingly similar to the increases in ΘP observed following short-term lower body RT (2, 10, 26, 35)”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ema, R., Wakahara, T., Miyamoto, N., Kanehisa, H., & Kawakami, Y.
- Affiliations
- Waseda University (JP)
- Doshisha University (JP)
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kawakami, Yasuo
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2013-08-15
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2691-2703
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- OpenAlex
- W2092022477
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 10.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Waseda University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24300209, 23700745)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- quadriceps, resistance training, muscle architecture, regional heterogeneity, pennation angle, fascicle length, muscle thickness, anatomical cross-sectional area, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, knee extensors, muscle hypertrophy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Humans, Male, Ultrasonography, Case-Control Studies, Quadriceps Muscle, Resistance Training
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