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Xanthophyll synthesis in diatoms: quantification of putative intermediates and comparison of pigment conversion kinetics with rate constants derived from a model
Abstract
Recently, we reported the presence of the violaxanthin-antheraxanthin-zeaxanthin cycle in diatoms, and showed that violaxanthin is the putative precursor of both diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (M. Lohr and C. Wilhelm, 1999, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 8784-8789). In the present study, two possible intermediates in the synthesis of violaxanthin from beta-carotene were identified in P. tricornutum, namely beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin epoxide. In low light, the latter pigment prevails, but in high light beta-cryptoxanthin accumulates, probably as the result of an increased activity of the xantophyll-cycle de-epoxidase. The apparent kinetics of several xanthophyll conversion steps were determined for P. tricornutum and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kuitzing. The experimentally determined conversion rates were used to evaluate the hypothetical pathway of xanthophyll synthesis in diatoms. For this purpose a mathematical model was developed which allows the calculation of theoretical rates of pigment conversion for microalgae under steady-state growth conditions. A comparison between measured and calculated conversion rates agreed well with the proposal of a sequential synthesis of fucoxanthin via violaxanthin and diadinoxanthin. The postulation of zeaxanthin as an obligatory intermediate in the synthesis of violaxanthin, however, resulted in large discrepancies between the measured and calculated rates of its epoxidation. Instead of zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin epoxide may be involved in the biosynthesis of violaxanthin in diatoms.
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“Similarly, brown algae and some flagellated microalgae are capable of producing another type of xanthophylls, such as diatoxanthin or fucoxanthin [149].”
From The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value (2019) · cites this paper as [149]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lohr, M., & Wilhelm, C.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Venue
- Planta
- Published
- 2001-02-19
- Volume
- 212
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 382-391
- ISSN
- 0032-0935 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2048
- OpenAlex
- W2016123825
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Planta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- xanthophyll biosynthesis, diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Cyclotella meneghiniana, violaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin, xanthophyll cycle, mathematical model, light acclimation, beta-carotene
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dithioerythritol, Epoxy Compounds, Herbicides, Light, Models, Biological, Pigments, Biological, Pyridazines, Sulfhydryl Reagents, Lutein, Diatoms, beta Carotene, Xanthophylls, Zeaxanthins, Cryptoxanthins
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