Impact of CMV upon immune aging: facts and fiction
Open accessAbstract
Aging is accompanied by significant defects in immunity and compromised responses to new, previously unencountered microbial pathogens. Most humans carry several persistent or latent viruses as they age, interacting with the host immune systems for years. In that context maybe the most studied persistent virus is Cytomegalovirus, infamous for its ability to recruit very large T cell responses which increase with age and to simultaneously evade elimination by the immune system. Here we will address how lifelong CMV infection and the immunological burden of its control might affect immune reactivity and health of the host over time.
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HCMV status has a greater impact than age on the immune system, because the virus contributes to shape the immune profile and function during normal human aging.
“HCMV status has a greater impact than age on the immune system, because the virus contributes to shape the immune profile and function during normal human aging (16–18).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
HCMV seropositivity seems related to many functional T cell changes.
“In particular, HCMV seropositivity seems related to many functional T cell changes.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
The loss of CD28 occurs following cell proliferation, according to the observation that CD28− T cells have shorter telomeres than CD28+ cells.
“The loss of CD28 occurs following cell proliferation, according to the observation that the CD28− T cells have shorter telomeres than CD28+ cells.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
These T cells do not express the co-stimulatory molecule CD28, required for the activation of T cells.
“These T cells do not express the co-stimulatory molecule CD28, required for the activation of T cells.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Senescent T cells are producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
“In addition, they are producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines (17, 18, 41–47).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
CD28 seems a good biomarker of immunosenescence, as suggested by findings that late-differentiated CD8+/CD28− T cells tend to accumulate particularly in older people, frail or affected by age-related diseases.
“CD28 seems a good biomarker of immunosenescence, as further suggested by findings that late-differentiated CD8+/CD28− T cells tend to accumulate particularly in older people, frail or affected by age-related diseases.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Late-stage memory senescent T-cells may also acquire new functions, such as suppressive activity, as demonstrated in vitro.
“Late-stage memory senescent T-cells may also acquire new functions, such as suppressive activity, as demonstrated in vitro.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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References 88 · Cited by 73
- Authors
- Jergović, M., Contreras, N. A., & Nikolich-Žugich, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Published
- 2019-04-19
- Volume
- 208
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 263-269
- ISSN
- 0044-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 0300-8584
- 1432-1831
- PMC
- PMC6635032
- OpenAlex
- W2936416251
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AG048021)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Keywords
- cytomegalovirus, immunosenescence, viral persistence, T cell response, viral immune evasion, latent viruses
- MeSH terms
- Immunosenescence, Aging, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Cytomegalovirus, Humans, T-Lymphocytes
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