Measuring facial cooling in outdoor windy winter conditions: An exploratory study
Abstract
Winter clothing provides insulation for almost all of a person's body, but in most situations, a person's face remains uncovered even in cold windy weather. This exploratory study used thermal imagery to record the rate of cooling of the faces of volunteers in a range of winter air temperatures and wind speeds. Different areas of the faces cooled at different rates with the areas around the eyes and neck cooling at the slowest rate, and the nose and cheeks cooling at the fastest rate. In all cases, the faces cooled at an approximately logarithmic decay for the first few minutes. This was followed by a small rise in the temperature of the face for a few minutes, which was then followed by an uninterrupted logarithmic decay. Volunteers were told to indicate when their face was so cold that they wanted to end the test. The total amount of time and the facial temperature at the end of each trial were recorded. The results provide insight into the way faces cool in uncontrolled, outdoor winter conditions.
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In cold, windy outdoor conditions (-14 to 1 °C), human subjects exposed to low temperatures and high wind requested to go indoors at around 4-5 min, whereas low temperatures and low wind condition requests occurred around 8-10 min.
“The human subjects exposed to low temperatures and high wind conditions displayed the quickest request interval to go indoors at around 4-5 min, whereas, low temperatures and low wind condition subject's requests to go indoors occurred around 8-10 min.”
Windy, cold conditions represent an environmental factor where facial cooling usually occurs within minutes, contributing to skin sensitivity.
“Thus, windy, cold conditions represent an environmental factor, where facial cooling usually occurs within minutes, contributing to skin sensitivity [22,28].”
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- Authors
- Briggs, A. G. S., Gillespie, T. J., & Brown, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Robert D.
- ORCID
- Brown, Robert D.
- Venue
- International Journal of Biometeorology
- Published
- 2017-05-11
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1831-1835
- ISSN
- 0020-7128 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1254
- OpenAlex
- W2612072752
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Biometeorology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Textile materials and evaluations
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Keywords
- facial cooling, face temperature, winter clothing, wind speed, infrared thermography, thermal comfort
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cold Temperature, Face, Female, Humans, Male, Skin Temperature, Wind
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