Cited by 1,584Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationClinical practice guidelines implementationSpine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview

Open access

Oliveira, Crystian B., Maher, Chris G., Pinto, Rafael Z., Traeger, Adrian C., Lin, Chung-Wei Christine, Chenot, Jean-François, van Tulder, Maurits, Koes, Bart W.·2018·European Spine Journal

DOI 10.1007/s00586-018-5673-2

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment contained in current clinical practice guidelines for patients with non-specific low back pain in primary care. We also aimed to examine how recommendations have changed since our last overview in 2010. METHOD: The searches for clinical practice guidelines were performed for the period from 2008 to 2017 in electronic databases. Guidelines including information regarding either the diagnosis or treatment of non-specific low back pain, and targeted at a multidisciplinary audience in the primary care setting, were considered eligible. We extracted data regarding recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, and methods for development of guidelines. RESULTS: We identified 15 clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain in primary care. For diagnosis of patients with non-specific low back pain, the clinical practice guidelines recommend history taking and physical examination to identify red flags, neurological testing to identify radicular syndrome, use of imaging if serious pathology is suspected (but discourage routine use), and assessment of psychosocial factors. For treatment of patients with acute low back pain, the guidelines recommend reassurance on the favourable prognosis and advice on returning to normal activities, avoiding bed rest, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and weak opioids for short periods. For treatment of patients with chronic low back pain, the guidelines recommend the use of NSAIDs and antidepressants, exercise therapy, and psychosocial interventions. In addition, referral to a specialist is recommended in case of suspicion of specific pathologies or radiculopathy or if there is no improvement after 4 weeks. While there were a few discrepancies across the current clinical practice guidelines, a substantial proportion of recommendations was consistently endorsed. In the current review, we identified some differences compared to the previous overview regarding the recommendations for assessment of psychosocial factors, the use of some medications (e.g., paracetamol) as well as an increasing amount of information regarding the types of exercise, mode of delivery, acupuncture, herbal medicines, and invasive treatments. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00586-018-5673-2

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians
Qaseem, A., Wilt, T. J., McLean, R. M., Forciea, M. A., & for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians* (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-2367 · Cited by 3,234
The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study
Hoy, D. G., MARCH, L. M., Brooks, P., Blyth, F., Woolf, A. D., Bain, C. J., Williams, G. M., Smith, E. U. R., Vos, T., Barendregt, J. J., et al. (2014) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204428 · Cited by 3,194
A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain
Hoy, D. G., Bain, C. J., Williams, G. M., MARCH, L. M., Brooks, P., Blyth, F., Woolf, A. D., Vos, T., & Buchbinder, R. (2012) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.34347 · Cited by 3,025
Non-specific low back pain
Maher, C., Underwood, M., & Buchbinder, R. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30970-9 · Cited by 2,535
Self-citation
Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems
Martin, B. I. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.6.656 · Cited by 1,531
Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial
Hill, J. C., Whitehurst, D. G., Lewis, M., Bryan, S., Dunn, K. M., Foster, N. E., Konstantinou, K., Main, C. J., Mason, E., Somerville, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60937-9 · Cited by 1,306
An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care
Koes, B. W., van Tulder, M. W., Lin, C. C., Macedo, L. G., McAuley, J. H., & Maher, C. G. (2010) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y · Cited by 1,301
Self-citation
US spending on personal health care and public health, 1996-2013.
Dieleman, J. L., Baral, R., Birger, M., Bui, A. L., Bulchis, A., Chapin, A., Hamavid, H., Horst, C., Johnson, E. K., Joseph, J., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16885 · Cited by 1,044
National Clinical Guidelines for non-surgical treatment of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy
Stochkendahl, M. J., Kjær, P., Hartvigsen, J., Kongsted, A., Aaboe, J., Andersen, M., Andersen, M. Ø., Fournier, G. L., Højgaard, B., Jensen, M. B., et al. (2017) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-017-5099-2 · Cited by 705
Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Low Back Pain in Primary Care
Koes, B. W., van Tulder, M. W., Ostelo, R., Burton, K. A., & Waddell, G. (2001) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200111150-00022 · Cited by 703
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 31 references

2 of the 31 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Hussein AM, Choy Y, Singh D, Cardosa M, Mansor M, Hasnan N (2016) Malaysian low back pain management guideline Malaysian association for the study of pain, first edition. Available from: http://www.masp.org.my/index.cfm?&menuid=23 . Accessed June 2017
Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA (2017) Clinical guidelines committee of the American College of P. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 166(7):514–530 · DOI · Paper page
Van Tulder M, Custers J, de Bie R et al (2010) Ketenzorgrichtlijn aspecifieke lage rugklachten. KKCZ, Belgrade

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,000

Effect of motor control training and breathing exercises on pain, disability and core muscle activity in women with postpartum lumbopelvic pain: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial study
Fetanat, S., ShahAli, S., Dadgoo, M., Dehkordi, S. N., & Fesharaki, M. N. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093691 · Cited by 6
Systematic review of digital health interventions to support self-management of low back pain in the workplace
Chen, M., Sparkes, V., & Sheeran, L. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251336281 · Cited by 10
Prevalence of serious spinal pathologies and nonspinal conditions in low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Reginato, L. S., Machado, G. C., Maher, C. G., Grande, G. H. D., Vidal, R. V. C., & Oliveira, C. B. (2025) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaf078 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
One-Page Patient Fact Sheets for Low Back Pain in Primary Care
Longtin, C., Chang, J. R., Hersch, J. K., Sharma, S., Ferraro, M. C., Rizzo, R. R. N., McBride, J., Wong, A. Y. L., Maher, C. G., Guppy, M., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.23352 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Effects of integrating Feldenkrais method with dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercises on clinical outcomes in older women with nonspecific chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Saki, F., & Ziya, M. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06219-7 · Cited by 6
The effectiveness of artificial intelligence health education accurately linking system on self-management in non-specific lower back pain patients
Li, Y., Li, N., Liu, Z.-X., Du, S., Yu, S., Yang, R., Xu, L., Li, X., Jiang, Y., & Li, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1630329 · Cited by 8
Therapeutic Exercise Progression in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Tuninetti, A., Barbari, V., Storari, L., Bisconti, M., Piano, L., Dunning, J. R., Mourad, F., & Maselli, F. (2025) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s539160 · Cited by 8
Treatment Expectations Towards Different Pain Management Approaches: Two Perspectives
Schemer, L., Rief, W., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s247177 · Cited by 6
Effects of a Digital Musculoskeletal Acute Care Program on Chronic Pain Prevention: An Observational Study with Nonparticipant Comparison Group
Hong, M. R., Topete, M., Yang, M., & Bailey, J. F. (2022) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s385134 · Cited by 6
Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies significant epigenomic changes associated with internalized stigma in adults with non-specific chronic low back pain
Aroke, E. N., Hobson, J. M., Ptacek, T., Jackson, P., & Goodin, B. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2022.1021963 · Cited by 6
Rates, patterns, and predictors of complementary medicine use among patients with musculoskeletal diseases
Alnaimat, F., Alduraidi, H., Alhafez, L., Aburaddad, L., Haddad, B. I., Hamdan, M. Q., Al-Ajlouni, J. M., & Afifi‐Yazar, F. Ü. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287337 · Cited by 6
Physical Activity Supported by Low-Cost Mobile Technology for Back Pain (PAT-Back) to Reduce Disability in Older Adults: Results of a Feasibility Study
Santos, A. E. D. N., Nunes, A. C. L., Pereira, L. S. M., Ferreira, M. L., Ferreira, P. H., Macedo, L. G., & de Jesus‐Moraleida, F. R. (2023) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad153 · Cited by 6
Characterizing Gabapentinoid Use Among Patients With Isolated Low Back Pain
Maloy, G. C., Halperin, S. J., Ratnasamy, P. P., & Grauer, J. N. (2024) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/21925682231224390 · Cited by 6
Combining Static and Dynamic Myofascial Dry Cupping Therapy to Improve Local and Regional Symptoms in Individuals with Low Back Pain: A Case Series
Harper, B., Dudek, A., Williamson, J., Siyufy, A., & Smith, J. A. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/001c.91653 · Cited by 6
How Much Physiotherapy, Chiropractic, and Osteopathy Care Do Compensated Australian Workers with Low Back Pain Receive? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Donato, M. F. D., Gray, S., Sheehan, L. R., Buchbinder, R., Iles, R., & Collie, A. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-024-10202-1 · Cited by 6
Questionnaires assessing knowledge and beliefs about musculoskeletal conditions are potentially suitable for use, but further research is needed: a systematic review
Corrêa, L. A., Mathieson, S., Hancock, M. J., Verhagen, A. P., Nogueira, L. A. C., Young, A., Pate, J. W., & French, S. D. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111398 · Cited by 6
Appropriateness of exercise therapy delivery in chronic low back pain management: cross-sectional online survey of physiotherapy practice in Germany
Kühn, L., Rosen, D., Reiter, N. L., Prill, R., & Choi, K. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07505-y · Cited by 5
Effects of MLS Laser on pain, function, and disability in chronic non-specific low back pain: A double-blind placebo randomized-controlled trial
Labanca, L., Berti, L., Tedeschi, R., D’Auria, L., Platano, D., & Benedetti, M. G. (2024) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-230383 · Cited by 6
Physiotherapist- and patient-reported barriers to guideline implementation of active physiotherapeutic management of low back pain: A theory-informed qualitative study
Bogaert, L., Brumagne, S., Léonard, C., Lauwers, A., & Peters, S. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2024.103129 · Cited by 6
Research hotspots and frontiers in non-specific low back pain: a bibliometric analysis
Mao, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, S., Wu, D., Huang, G., Li, Z., Jiao, L., & Chi, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1464048 · Cited by 7
Clinician experiences in providing reassurance for patients with low back pain in primary care: a qualitative study
Young, A., French, S. D., Traeger, A. C., Ayre, J., Hancock, M. J., & Jenkins, H. J. (2024) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2024.11.003 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
A multi-level implementation strategy to increase adoption of chiropractic care for low back pain in primary care clinics: a randomized stepped-wedge pilot study protocol
Roseen, E. J., Bussières, A., Reichman, R., Bora, C., Trieu, J., Austad, K., Williams, C., Fischer, R. A., Parrilla, D., Laird, L. D., et al. (2025) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-024-00565-w · Cited by 7
Barriers and facilitators to ask for lower urinary tract symptoms in people with low back pain and pelvic girdle pain. A qualitative study
Vredeveld, T., Eberlein, A., Ramaekers, S. P. J., Coppieters, M. W., & Pool‐Goudzwaard, A. (2020) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102155 · Cited by 6
Six things you need to know about low back pain
Baxter, D. G., Chapple, C., Ellis, R. F., Hill, J., Liu, L., Mani, R., Reid, D. A., Stokes, T., & Tumilty, S. (2020) · Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.1071/hc19117 · Cited by 6
Gua sha therapy for chronic low back pain
Wang, Y., Xi, Z.-W., Pu, B., Chen, G.-Y., Ma, Y., Liu, D.-L., & Xu, X. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000020606 · Cited by 6
The Influence of an Opioid Use Disorder on Initiating Physical Therapy for Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Cohort
Magel, J. S., Gordon, A. J., Fritz, J. M., & Kim, J. (2020) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000751 · Cited by 6
Feasibility and Convergent Validity of an Activity Tracker for Low Back Pain Within a Clinical Study: Cross-sectional Study
Zhuo, L. X., & Macedo, L. G. (2021) · JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies · doi:10.2196/18942 · Cited by 6
Mind the gap – Evaluation of the promotion initiatives for implementation of the GLA:D® back clinician courses
Morsø, L., Bogh, S. B., Ris, I., & Kongsted, A. (2021) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102373 · Cited by 6
Intervention usage for the management of low back pain in a chiropractic teaching clinic
Csiernik, B., Smith, A., Plener, J., Tibbles, A. C., & Young, J. J. (2022) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-022-00412-w · Cited by 6
Feasibility of a Combined Neuromodulation and Yoga Intervention for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Pain: Protocol for an Open-label Pilot Trial
Krese, K., Donnelly, K. Z., Etingen, B., Pape, T., Chaudhuri, S., Aaronson, A. L., Shah, R. P., Bhaumik, D. K., Billups, A., Bedo, S., et al. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/37836 · Cited by 6
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of intravenous paracetamol, dexketoprofen and ibuprofen in acute low back pain
Doğan, C., Yılmaz, A., Özen, M., Seyit, M., Oskay, A., Kemancı, A., Ulutürk, M., & Türkçüer, İ. (2022) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2022.04.017 · Cited by 6
Clinical Studies of Bee Venom Acupuncture for Lower Back Pain in the Korean Literature
Sung, S.-H., Han, J.-E., Lee, H.-J., Park, M.-J., Lee, J.-Y., Jang, S., Park, J.-K., & Lee, G. (2022) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins14080524 · Cited by 6
Spinal Mobilization and Manipulation in Horses
Haussler, K. K., & Holt, T. N. (2022) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2022.06.008 · Cited by 6
Using general practitioners with an extended role in spinal practice for the initial assessment of patients referred to spinal surgeons: preliminary experience and challenges
Whittle, I. R., Yull, D., Yee, J., Czechowicz, G., Murphy, P., Clausen, E., & Yau, Y. (2023) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423622000494 · Cited by 6
Guideline adherent screening and referral: do third year Doctor of Physical Therapy students identify red and yellow flags within descriptive patient cases? a United States based survey study
Bourassa, M., Kolb, W., Barrett, D., & Wassinger, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2023.2170743 · Cited by 4
Celecoxib alleviates nociceptor sensitization mediated by interleukin-1beta-primed annulus fibrosus cells
Ma, J., Häne, S., Eglauf, J., Pfannkuche, J., Soubrier, A., Li, Z., Peroglio, M., Hoppe, S., Benneker, L. M., Lang, G. M., et al. (2023) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07672-x · Cited by 6
Economic Evaluation of Digital Therapeutic Care Apps for Unsupervised Treatment of Low Back Pain: Monte Carlo Simulation
Lewkowicz, D., Böttinger, E. P., & Siegel, M. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/44585 · Cited by 6
Real-time ultrasound evaluation of CORE muscle activity in a simultaneous contraction in subjects with non-specific low back pain and without low-back pain. Protocol of an observational case-control study
Cervera-Cano, M., Sáez-García, M. C., Valcárcel-Linares, D., Carnero, S. F., López-González, L., Gallego‐Izquierdo, T., & Pecos‐Martín, D. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285441 · Cited by 6
An overview of systematic reviews examining the quantitative sensory testing-derived hypoalgesic effects of manual therapy for musculoskeletal pain
Rodgers, L. J., Bialosky, J. E., Minick, S. A., & Coronado, R. A. (2023) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2023.2267954 · Cited by 5
Etoricoxib can be used for chronic nonspecific back pain: a new indication of the well-known drug
Karateev, A. E. (2020) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2020-2-125-130 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of the implementation of the Back Skills Training (BeST) programme using online training: a cohort implementation study
Sugavanam, T., Williamson, E. M., Fordham, B., Hansen, Z., Richmond, H., Hall, A. M., Ali, U. M., Copsey, B. J., & Lamb, S. E. (2020) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2020.07.003 · Cited by 6
Community Pharmacist’s Role in Detecting Low Back Pain, and Patient Attitudes—A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in Italian Community Pharmacies
Giua, C., Minghetti, P., Gandolini, G., Rocco, P., Arancio, E., Bevacqua, T., Floris, N. P., Keber, E., SGCP, & Musazzi, U. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165965 · Cited by 6
Validation of the Questionnaire for Symptom Assessment in Pain disorders for Back pain patients (Q‐SAP)
Otto, J. C., Gierthmühlen, J., Kirchhofer, V., Borzikowsky, C., & Baron, R. (2020) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1690 · Cited by 6
Motor skill training versus strength and flexibility exercise in people with chronic low back pain: Preplanned analysis of effects on kinematics during a functional activity
Hooker, Q. L., Lanier, V. M., Roles, K., & Dillen, L. R. V. (2022) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105570 · Cited by 6
Development and measurement properties of the AxEL (attitude toward education and advice for low-back-pain) questionnaire
O’Hagan, E. T., Skinner, I., Jones, M. D., Karran, E. L., Traeger, A. C., Cashin, A. G., Wand, B. M., Schabrun, S. M., O'Neill, S. G., Harris, I. A., et al. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-021-01908-4 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
OPAL: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of opioid analgesia for the reduction of pain severity in people with acute spinal pain—a statistical analysis plan
Jones, C. M. P., Lin, C. C., Day, R. O., Koes, B. W., Latimer, J., Maher, C. G., McLachlan, A. J., & Billot, L. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06028-y · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Management of pain due to cervical multilevel disk bulges and spinal stenosis with a focused vibro‐percussion wave treatment: A case report
Omar, A. J. A., Baradie, M. S. A., Dera, H. S. A., Vannabouathong, C., & Bartel, L. (2022) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.5344 · Cited by 6
Neoplastic malignant cord compression mimicking low back pain: A case report
Cataldi, F., Brindisino, F., Angilecchia, D., Andreani, A., & Giovannico, G. (2022) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.1971 · Cited by 6
Pain and function in patients with chronic low back pain and leg pain after Zhineng Qigong – a quasi-experimental feasibility study
Pozarek, G., Strömqvist, B., Hansson, E. E., & Ahlström, G. (2023) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06581-w · Cited by 7
A Model of Triage of Serious Spinal Pathologies and Therapeutic Options Based on a Delphi Study
Meidinger, P., Kechichian, A., & Pinsault, N. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59071283 · Cited by 6
Danish short form Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and evaluation of measurement properties
Oxfeldt, M., Tegner, H., Björklund, M., & Christensen, J. (2024) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-230363 · Cited by 6
The association between believing staying active is beneficial and achieving a clinically relevant functional improvement after 52 weeks: a prospective cohort study of patients with chronic low back pain in secondary care
Riis, A., Karran, E. L., Thomsen, J. L., Jørgensen, A., Holst, S., & Rolving, N. (2020) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-020-3062-6 · Cited by 6
Deep learning‐based structure segmentation and intramuscular fat annotation on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging
Xu, Y., Zheng, S., Tian, Q., Kou, Z., Li, W., Xie, X., & Wu, X.-T. (2024) · JOR Spine · doi:10.1002/jsp2.70003 · Cited by 5
Understanding patients’ perceptions of uncomplicated low back pain: a theory-informed qualitative study using the Common-Sense Self-Regulation Model
Ruzycki, S. M., Jasaui, Y., Mortazhejri, S., Dowling, S. K., Duquette, D., Linklater, S., Mrklas, K., Wilkinson, G., Grimshaw, J., & Patey, A. M. (2025) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-025-02786-1 · Cited by 5
Research waste in randomised trials of exercise treatments for chronic low back pain: trial sequential and cumulative meta-analyses by publication date and size
Chamberlain, F., Elliott, L. K., Yarahmadi, A., & Underwood, M. R. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087787 · Cited by 6
The diagnosis and treatment of degenerative changes of the lumbar spine
Beyer, F., Eysel, P., & Bredow, J. (2025) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.m2025.0056 · Cited by 5
Development of a World Health Organization indicator and corresponding questions to measure effective coverage of rehabilitation
GROOTE, W. D., Côté, P., Wong, J. J., Hogg‐Johnson, S., Chen, T., Battistella, L. R., Wong, G. K. C., Hartvigsen, J., Hayden, J. A., Mullerpatan, R., et al. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103317 · Cited by 6
Effectiveness of an app-delivered, self-management exercise program in public safety workers with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Marins, E. F., Primo, T. T., Vasconcelos, B. B., Carvalho, M. T. X., Oppelt, L. D. L., Pinheiro, V. H. G., Scaglioni, F., Maraschin, D. A., Junior, V. D. A. R., Caputo, E. L., et al. (2025) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101232 · Cited by 7
Pain self-efficacy, kinesiophobia and health-related quality of life mediate pain and disability improvements with goal setting and education in people with chronic low back pain: a mediation analysis of a randomised trial
Walker, E., Jones, M. D., Gibbs, M. T., Gardner, T., Smith, L. D., Refshauge, K. M., McAuley, J. H., & Cashin, A. G. (2025) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2025.09.005 · Cited by 6
Effects of diaphragmatic manual therapy on respiratory function in patients with non-specific low back pain: A randomized control trial
Vera-Serrano, F. J., Viñolo-Gil, M. J., Fernández-Seguín, L. M., & Díaz-Mancha, J. A. (2025) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108394 · Cited by 6
Optimizing Opioid Use in Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Benefits, Risks, and Dependence
Pérez, F. J. C., Pérez‐Baena, M. J., Pina-Ruviralta, N., Testa, A. F., & Holgado-Madruga, M. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14040457 · Cited by 7
Barreiras e facilitadores para adesão à prática de exercícios por pessoas com dor crônica na Atenção Primária à Saúde: estudo qualitativo
Borges, P. D. A., Koerich, M. H. A. D. L., Wengerkievicz, K. C., & Knabben, R. J. (2023) · Physis Revista de Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/s0103-7331202333019 · Cited by 30
The correlation between pregnancy-related low back pain and physical fitness evaluated by an index system of maternal physical fitness test
Zhou, L., Feng, X., Zheng, R., Wang, Y., Sun, M., & Liu, Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294781 · Cited by 5
Evidence-Based Opinions from Multidisciplinary Experts on Use of Naturopathic Herbal Remedies in Pain Management
Mobasheri, A., Spring-Charles, A., Gamaleri, F. C., McSwan, J., Garg, M. L., & Sethi, V. S. (2024) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s432090 · Cited by 5
Ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane block in patients with chronic lumbar facet joint pain: A prospective case‐controlled study
Ata, A. M., Kesikburun, B., Karamehmetoğlu, M., & Adıgüzel, E. (2024) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13367 · Cited by 5
Effectiveness and safety of motion-style acupuncture treatment using traction for inpatients with acute low back pain caused by a traffic accident: A randomized controlled trial
Park, B.-H., Han, J.-H., Park, J.-H., Min, T.-W., Lee, H., Lee, Y. J., Lee, S., Park, K. S., & Ha, I. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038590 · Cited by 5
“I could 100% see myself getting hurt if I did it wrong”: a qualitative exploration of exercise perceptions in people with chronic low back pain
Natoli, A. R., Jones, M. D., Walker, E. D., & Gibbs, M. T. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2400592 · Cited by 5
Comparing the impact of interactive versus traditional e-learning on physiotherapists’ knowledge, attitudes, and clinical decision-making in low back pain management: a randomized controlled trial
Fourré, A., Michielsen, J., Ris, L., Darlow, B. J. S., Vanderstraeten, R., Bastiaens, H., Demoulin, C., & Roussel, N. A. (2025) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2025.2476670 · Cited by 5
Back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration in the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision
Sorokin, Y. N. (2019) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2019119081153 · Cited by 5
Treatment of patients with acute and subacute lumbodynia and lumbar ischialgia
Parfenov, V. A., Isaikin, A. I., Kuzminova, T. I., Chernenko, O. A., Milovanova, O. V., Romanova, A. V., Samkhaeva, N. D., & Shor, Y. M. (2019) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3-57-62 · Cited by 5
Causes of lower back pain
Parfenov, V. A. (2020) · Russian neurological Journal · doi:10.30629/2658-7947-2019-24-5-14-20 · Cited by 5
Electroacupuncture with Usual Care for Patients with Non-Acute Pain after Back Surgery: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial
Kim, N.-K., Shin, K.-M., Seo, E.-S., Park, M.-J., & Lee, H.-Y. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12125033 · Cited by 5
Проблема боли в нижней части спины с позиции доказательной медицины
Kopchak, O. O. (2020) · INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL · doi:10.22141/2224-0713.16.3.2020.202769 · Cited by 5
‘When the picture does not really tell the story’– A qualitative exploration of the MRI report of findings as a means for generating shared diagnostic meaning during the management of patients suffering from persistent spinal pain
Myburgh, C., Larsen, T. B., & Kjær, P. (2021) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2021.04.031 · Cited by 5
Low back pain and its correlations with poor sleep quality among health care providers
Alhamam, N., Buhalim, R. A., AlSaeed, M. N., Furaikh, B. F. A., & AlJughaiman, M. S. (2021) · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.09.002 · Cited by 5
Clinician education unlikely effective for guideline-adherent medication prescription in low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Belavý, D. L., Tagliaferri, S. D., Buntine, P., Saueressig, T., Sadler, K., Ko, C., Miller, C. T., & Owen, P. J. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101193 · Cited by 5
Neurodynamic exercises provide no additional benefit to extension-oriented exercises in people with chronic low back-related leg pain and a directional preference: A randomized clinical trial
Filho, L. F. S., Santos, M. M. B., Vasconcelos, D. B. M., Soares, E. A., dos Santos, G. H. F., & Júnior, W. M. D. S. (2022) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.01.007 · Cited by 5
Questionnaire of clinical questions for Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture-Moxibustion: Non-specific low back pain
Hui-ze, L. I. N., Wang, X., Liu, L., Fei, Y., Zhu, K., Jing-wen, F. E. I., ZHANG, P.-P., Jiang-hong, S. H. E. N., Yu, J., & Yang, T. (2022) · 世界针灸杂志：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.wjam.2022.03.004 · Cited by 5
Efficacy and safety/tolerability of pridinol: a meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in adult patients with muscle pain
Ueberall, M. A., Essner, U., & Müller-Schwefe, G. H. H. (2022) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2022.2072089 · Cited by 6
Associations Between Allergies, Walking, Sedentary Time, and Low Back Pain
Cho, Y., Um, J., Im, A., Park, S., & Kim, K. (2022) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2022.06.001 · Cited by 5
“Myths and Facts” Education Is Comparable to “Facts Only” for Recall of Back Pain Information but May Improve Fear-Avoidance Beliefs: An Embedded Randomized Trial
da Silva, P. V., Kamper, S. J., Robson, E. K., Davidson, S. R. E., Gleadhill, C., Donald, B., Yamato, T. P., Nolan, E., Lee, H., Williams, C. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10989 · Cited by 5
Effects of pharmacotherapy on sleep-related outcomes in adults with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Craige, E. A., Tagliaferri, S. D., Ferguson, S. A., Scott, H., Belavý, D. L., Easton, D. F., Buntine, P., Memon, A. R., Owen, P. J., & Vincent, G. E. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101749 · Cited by 6
Functional Tests Predicting Return to Work of Workers with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Are There Any Validated and Usable Functional Tests for Occupational Health Services in Everyday Practice? A Systematic Review
Hurri, H., Vänni, T., Muttonen, E., Russo, F., Iavicoli, S., & Ristolainen, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20065188 · Cited by 5
Chronic Low Back Pain and Incident Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke in General Practices in Germany
Jacob, L., Smith, L., Koyanagi, A., Haro, J. M., Shin, J. I., Tanislav, C., Schnitzler, A., & Kostev, K. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11101499 · Cited by 5
Telemedical Interdisciplinary Care Team Evaluation and Treatment of People With Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study
Woznica, D., Milligan, M., Krymis, H., Peters, K. C., O’Connor, M. I., & Grant, R. A. (2023) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100269 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of an electronic clinical decision support system (DeSSBack) to improve low back pain management: a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial
Malik, T. F. A., Teo, C. H., Teh, S. Y., Su, J. Y., Zaini, H. S. M., Suhaimi, A., Ng, W. L., Danaee, M., Stevenson, K., Mallen, C. D., et al. (2023) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmad044 · Cited by 5
Feasibility of a multidisciplinary group videoconferencing approach for chronic low back pain: a randomized, open-label, controlled, pilot clinical trial (EN-FORMA)
Garreta-Catala, I., Planas, R., Abouzari, R., Carnaval, T., Solé, J. M. N., Videla, S., Agulló, J.-L., the EN-FORMA study group, Calvis-Garcia, P., Carmezim, J., et al. (2023) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06763-6 · Cited by 8
Testing the Posterior Chain: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Bunkie Test versus the Isokinetic Hamstrings/Quadriceps Measurement in Patients with Self-Reported Knee Pain and Healthy Controls
Gabriel, A., Konrad, A., Herold, N., Horstmann, T., Schleip, R., & Paternoster, F. K. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13041011 · Cited by 5
Cervicobrachialgia and lumboischialgia: A single effective approach to solving the problem
Golovacheva, V. A., Александровна, Г. А., & Belyaeva, S. D. (2024) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2024-309 · Cited by 6
DOSage of Exercise for chronic low back pain disorders (DOSE): protocol for a systematic review with dose-response network meta-analysis
Arora, N. K., Donath, L., Owen, P. J., Miller, C. T., Kaczorowski, S., Saueressig, T., Pedder, H., Mundell, N. L., Tagliaferri, S. D., Diwan, A. D., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002108 · Cited by 4
Persistence of pain and suffering in cancer patients: challenges of pain management from the perspective of nurses
Shahrbabaki, P. M., Farokhzadian, J., Ahmadi, F., & Khabazzadeh, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1425036 · Cited by 5
‘The MRI-scan says it is completely normal’: Reassurance attempts in clinical encounters among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Andersen, T. C. B., Wilhelmsen, M., & Lian, O. S. (2024) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/13634593241290185 · Cited by 5
Clinical Outcomes of a New Foot-Worn Non-Invasive Biomechanical Intervention Compared to Traditional Physical Therapy in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Veeramachaneni, R. P., Gitkind, A. I., Yerra, S., Hagan, M., Hasanoglu, A. N., Akile, N., Kareff, H., Ho, D. J., & Bartels, M. N. (2025) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/21925682251314823 · Cited by 5
Models of care for managing non-specific low back pain
Docking, S., Sridhar, S., Haas, R., Mao, K., Ramsay, H., Buchbinder, R., & O’Connor, D. A. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015083.pub2 · Cited by 6
Effectiveness of Korean Medical Treatments, Including Motion-Style-Acupuncture-Treatment Using Traction, on Inpatients with Low Back Disability: A Retrospective Chart Review
Gang, B.-G., Jeon, S. H., Cho, Y., Lee, K.-J., Yoon, Y.-S., Kim, J., Lee, W. J., Han, S., Kum, C. J., & Koh, W. (2018) · Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation · doi:10.18325/jkmr.2018.28.4.51 · Cited by 5
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in Men With Musculoskeletal Conditions
Lemes, Í. R., Sui, X., Fritz, S. L., Beattie, P., Lavie, C. J., Turi-Lynch, B. C., & Blair, S. N. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2017-0644 · Cited by 5
Evaluating and Managing the Patient with Back Pain
Koumtouzoua, S., & Higgins, S. M. (2020) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.014 · Cited by 5
Fear-Avoidance Behavior and Sickness Absence in Patients with Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Macías-Toronjo, I., Sánchez‐Ramos, J. L., Ocaña, M. J. R., & Garcia-Navarro, E. B. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56120646 · Cited by 5
Factors associated with care-seeking for low back pain when genetics and the familial environment are considered
Patterson, T., Carvalho‐e‐Silva, A. P., Aquino, D., Ferreira, M. L., & Ferreira, P. H. (2021) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102365 · Cited by 5
A Cognitive Functional Therapy+ Pathway Versus an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Pathway for Patients With Severe Chronic Low Back Pain (CONFeTTI Trial): Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Vægter, H. B., Johansen, J. V., Sopina, L., Smith, A. J., Kent, P. M., Fuglsang, K. S., Pedersen, J. F., Schütze, R., O’Sullivan, P., Handberg, G., et al. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab132 · Cited by 5

Authors: Oliveira, C. B., Maher, C. G., Pinto, R. Z., Traeger, A. C., Lin, C.-W. C., Chenot, J.-F., van Tulder, M., & Koes, B. W.
Affiliations: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) (BR)
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
The University of Sydney (AU)
Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
University of Southern Denmark (DK)
Corresponding author: Koes, Bart W.
ORCID: Oliveira, Crystian B.
Maher, Chris G.
Pinto, Rafael Z.
Traeger, Adrian C.
Lin, Chung-Wei Christine
Chenot, Jean-François
Koes, Bart W.
Venue: European Spine Journal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-07-03
Volume: 27
Issue: 11
Pages: 2791-2803
ISSN: 0940-6719 (ISSN-L)
1432-0932
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5673-2
OpenAlex: W2811473826
Cited by: 1,584
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 140 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 275 · 2023: 235 · 2022: 241 · 2021: 241 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 13
FWCI: 13.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
Locations: European Spine Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (88881.134663/2016-01)
National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1103022, APP1144026, APP1061400)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Keywords: non-specific low back pain, primary care, diagnosis, treatment, acute low back pain, chronic low back pain, red flags, radiculopathy, imaging, psychosocial factors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, exercise therapy, specialist referral, guideline recommendations
MeSH terms: Humans, Primary Health Care, Low Back Pain, Practice Guidelines as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks