Gender identity development in the shadow of socialization: a grounded theory approach
Abstract
Gender identity is one of the basic forms of identity which has a key role in the mental health during adolescence. The present study was conducted to determine the process of gender identity development among Iranian female adolescents. In this grounded theory study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 55 purposefully and theoretical selected participants including 30 female adolescents and 25 key informants who lived in urban society of Isfahan, Iran, in 2016-2018. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's mode of analysis (2008), through constant comparative method, applying levels of open, axial, and selective coding with MAXQDA software. Development of gender identity in the shadow of socialization was presented as the core category extracted from the data in this study. Female adolescents would use "sexual self-expression during puberty," "attachment to parents and peers," "tendency towards the opposite sex," and "effort for social acceptance" as the main strategies in the development of gender identity until achieving "stabilized gender identity." "Girls' communicational skills" and "parents' empowerment" were the causal conditions in this process. "Gender differences" and "sociocultural texture of the society" were the contextual conditions and the influence of "peers" and "media" was the interventional conditions in the development of gender identity in female adolescents. Improving girls' communicational skills, empowering parents for managing their interactions with their daughters, adjusting gender roles in the society, and creating appropriate content by the media could have an important role in helping female adolescents achieving stabilized gender identity.
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Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness
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“Gender identity is most lastingly developed during adolescence, with body image, sexual orientation, and range of potential gender roles becoming central themes (119).”
Background
- Authors
- Mousavi, M. S., Shahriari, M., Salehi, M., & Kohan, S.
- Affiliations
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Kohan, Shahnaz
- Venue
- Archives of Women s Mental Health
- Published
- 2018-07-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 245-251
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- OpenAlex
- W2861111786
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (395294)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Keywords
- gender identity development, adolescent girls, socialization, puberty, parent-adolescent attachment, peer influence, media influence, gender roles, parental empowerment, adolescent mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Iran, Socialization, Focus Groups, Qualitative Research, Adolescent Development, Young Adult, Grounded Theory
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