Psychopathy as a disorder of empathy

“Lack of empathy has been described in a group of individuals referred to as Fpsychopaths_ but little is known about the neural correlates of this deficit (Soderstrom, 2003).”

“Conversely, the deficient empathy skills in psychopathic populations are believed to contribute to morally inappropriate behavior (Hare 2003; Blair 2007; Soderstrom 2003).”

“The propensity for aggressive and violent behaviour has been proposed to indicate a profound disturbance in an appropriate empathic response to the suffering of another (Blair, 2005; Frick et al., 1994; Miller and Eisenberg, 1988; Pardini et al., 2003; Soderstrom, 2003).”

“…antisocial personality, empathy, empathic accuracy, emotion The striking lack of empathy often described as characteristic of psychopaths has received a great deal of attention in lay, clinical, and theoretical accounts of psychopathy (Cleckley, 1941/1988; Hare, 2006; Soderstrom, 2003).”

“[79] Soderstrom H.”

“Evidence for a role of emotional processes in making moral judgements comes from studies showing that experiencing empathy promotes moral behaviour towards other people [139], and morally inappropriate behaviour can be attributed to a deficiency in empathic skills [140,141].”

“Problems with empathy have been noted in conduct disordered youth and adults diagnosed with psychopathy (Frick & Ellis, 1999; Soderstrom, 2003) who might lack appropriate affective reactions to another’s affective state (i.e., a psychopath does not care; Blair, Jones, Clark, & Smith, 1997; Mealey,…”

“Little is known about the neural correlates of this deficit ( Soderstrom, 2003 ).”

“For instance, in psychopathy, emotional empathy is compromised, but cognitive perspective taking abilities are preserved (Soderstrom 2003).”

“Psychopathy assessed by the 20-item PCL-R instrument has attracted interest mainly in the area of risk prediction, but studies addressing its neuropsychologic [5], neurologic [6-8], and neurophysiologic [9-13] basis indicate that psychopathy may be a specific childhood-onset disorder of empathy and social functioning…”

“In contrast, psychopaths show a great lack of affective, but mostly no impairment in cognitive empathy (e.g., Baron-Cohen et al., 1985; Soderstrom, 2003).”

“For example, violent offenders are said to have “autistic traits” ( Soderstrom, Nilsson, Sjodin, Carlstedt, & Forsman, 2005 ; Soderstrom, Sjodin, Carlstedt, & Forsman, 2004 ), and the lack of empathy sometimes seen as characteristic of ASD may be related to aggression as well ( Soderstrom, 2003 ; Soderstrom et al, 200…”

“The association between psychopathy and political extremism could be explained by psychopathic tendencies to have little empathy towards other people, being sociopathic, impulsive, and not being able to suppress behavioral tendencies that are not appreciated by society (e.g., Soderstrom, 2003).”

“…reduced ability to experience and/or process sadness (Blair, 1999; Blair et al., 2001; Iria et al., 2012), guilt (Blair et al., 1995; Johnsson et al., 2014), empathy (Soderstrom, 2003; Lishner et al., 2015) or negative affect more generally conceived (Hale et al., 2004; Seara-Cardoso et al., 2016).”

“Along with the aforementioned characteristics, the impaired capacity to experience empathy has been cast as one of the core defining features of psychopathy (Blair, 2007; Cleckley, 1941, Dadds et al., 2009; Soderstrom, 2003).”

“…and the dysfunction associated with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as poor intuitive mentalizing and coherence in autism spectrum disorders and the decreased attention and inhibition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Soderstrom, 2003), ultimately improving treatment interventions.”

“A growing body of work spanning the domains of social-personality psychology, neuropsychology, clinical psychology, psychiatry, and forensic psychology has long assumed a link between affective empathy impairment and various divisive personality constructs including psychopathy, narcissism, and borderline personality…”

“Indeed, Soderstrom (2003) has even argued that psychopathy should in fact be classified as an empathy disorder, based on the fact that psychopathic predators’ high involvement in violent criminality reflects either a lack of or ineffective empathic functioning on their behalf.”

“…in several psychiatric disorders (Blair, 2005) such as autism (Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, 2004), antisocial personality disorder (Ellis, 1982; Soderstrom, 2003), schizophrenia (Bora et al., 2008; Derntl et al., 2009), and depression (Schreiter et al., 2013), and at least partially explains…”

“Two psychiatric conditions that have been most associated with empathetic deficit are autism and psychopathy (Flor-Henry, 1998; Gillberg, 1992; Rutter, 2005; Soderstrom, 2003).”

“Certainly, this finding of a diminished regulation in IPD provides further evidence for the theory of psychopathy being a disorder of emotional empathy (Soderstrom, 2003).”

“Psychopathy has attracted a great deal of interest in the area of risk prediction (31), and studies addressing its neuropsychological (32) and neurobiological basis (33 /36) indicate that psychopathy may be a specific disorder of empathy and social functioning (26).”

“It plays a key role in prosocial behavior and functions abnormally in multiple disorders such as psychopathy and borderline personality disorder (De Waal, 2008; Soderstrom, 2003; Harari et al., 2010).”

“Whereas APD patients are well known to be deficient in empathy (Soderstrom, 2003 ), OCD patients are not known to be overly empathic (Ladisich & Feil, 1988 ).”

“In attempts to adapt the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) to children and adolescents, Barry et al. (2000 ), Frick, Bodin, and Barry (2000 ), and Soderstrom, (2003 ) found ADHD and CD were consistently associated with psychopathy.”

“, 2009), personality disorders (Soderstrom, 2003), and depression (Schreiter et al.”

“Conversely, cognitive empathy was not a significant predictor of CU trait scores (β = -.095, p = .35 (Tolerance = .52; VIF = 1.93)).”

“tendencies have been reported in several psychiatric disorders (Decety & Moriguchi, 2007), including psychopathy (Soderstrom, 2003), antisocial personality”

“Decreased empathy has been reported in several psychiatric conditions (Blair, 2005), such as autism (Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004), antisocial personality disorders (Ellis, 1982; Soderstrom, 2003), schizophrenia (Bora et al.”

“…empati eksikliğinin ise başkalarına zarar vermeyi içeren ahlaken uygunsuz davranışlarda bulunma ile ilişkili olduğunu gös- 500 Psikoloji Çalışmaları - Studies in Psychology Cilt/Volume: 41, Sayı/Issue: 2, 2021 teren (Blair, 2007; Hare, 2003; Soderstrom, 2003) bir dizi araştırma da mevcuttur.”

“These subjective responses to other people’s suffering, also known as empathy for pain (Batson, 2011), play a key role in prosocial behavior and function abnormally in multiple disorders, such as psychopathy and borderline personality disorder (Soderstrom, 2003; de Waal, 2008; Harari et al., 2010).”

“Psychopaths exhibit low levels of empathy (Hare, 1993; Soderstrom, 2003).”

“Se ha descrito un défi cit en la empatía en los psicópatas y delincuentes violadores (Martínez, Redondo, Pérez y García, 2008), aunque se ha estudiado poco sobre sus correlatos neuronales (Kirsch y Becker, 2007; Soderstrom, 2003).”

“In fact, psychopathy has been referred to as an “empathy disorder” due to the emotional detachment and low perspective-taking ability that accompany the syndrome (Soderstrom, 2003).”

“Psychopathy is termed as a disorder of empathy (Soderstrom, 2003).”

“Psychopathy is termed as a disorder of empathy (Soderstrom 2003).”

“The aforementioned callous-unemotional personality traits have long been considered the hallmark of psychopathy and the focus of much research on the condition(1) (e.g., Blonigen, Hicks, Krueger, Patrick & Iacono, 2005; Cleckley, 1976; DeMatteo, Heilbrun; & Marczyk, 2006; Frick & Ellis, 1999; Harpur, Hakstian, & Hare,…”

“Actual Empathy Deficits As noted in the Introduction chapter, several researchers (Hare, 1991; Soderstrom, 2003) failed to make a distinction between types of empathy in the context of psychopathic emotional deficits.”

“Many publications on psychopathy report that psychopathy traits are associated with low empathy (e.g. Soderstrom, 2003; Hare, 2006; Blair, 2005).”