The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 3 are not checked yet.
On chemical equilibrium in nuclear collisions
Open accessAbstract
AbstractThe data on average hadron multiplicities in central A+A collisions measured at CERN SPS are analysed with the ideal hadron gas model. It is shown that the full chemical equilibrium version of the model fails to describe the experimental results. The agreement of the data with the off-equilibrium version allowing for partial strangeness saturation is significantly better. The chemical freeze-out temperature of about 180 MeV seems to be independent of the system size (from S+S to Pb+Pb) and in agreement with that extracted in e+ + e−, p + p and $$p + \bar p$$ collisions. The strangeness suppression is discussed at both hadron and valence quark level. It is found that the hadronic strangeness saturation factor γs increases from about 0.45 for p + p interactions to about 0.7 for central A+A collisions with no significant change from S+S to Pb+Pb collisions indicating that the strangeness enhancement in heavy ion collisions cannot be fully attributed to the increased system size. The quark strangeness suppression factor As is found to be about 0.2 for elementary collisions and about 0.4 for heavy ion collisions independently of collision energy and type of colliding system.
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“Electromagnetic probes: e + e -or µ + µ -dilepton pairs and direct (prompt) photons are prime probes of the hot plasma [135, 136], since once produced they leave the plasma without further interactions because their mean free path is much larger than the typical size of the plasma.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [136]
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“Detailed calculations including screening corrections [136] reveal that direct photons from the QGP could provide a signal that could be discriminated against the signal from the hadronic background.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [136]
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Citations
Cites
Barnett, R. M., Carone, C. D., Groom, D. E., Trippe, T. G., Wohl, C. G., Armstrong, B., Gee, P. S., Wagman, G. S., James, F., Mangano, M., et al. (1996) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.54.1 · Cited by 2,166
Thermal and hadrochemical equilibration in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the SPS
Braun-Munzinger, P., Stachel, J., Wessels, J. P., & Xu, N. (1996) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(95)01258-3 · Cited by 380
Thermal hadron production in pp and $\mathrm{p\bar{p}}\;$ collisions
Becattini, F., & Heinz, U. (1997) · Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields · doi:10.1007/s002880050551 · Cited by 287
Self-citationA thermodynamical approach to hadron production in $e^+e^-$ collisions
Becattini, F. (1996) · Zeitschrift für Physik C · doi:10.1007/s002880050051 · Cited by 261
Self-citationFermi, E. (1951) · Progress of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1143/ptp.5.570 · Cited by 258
Strange anti-baryons from quark-gluon plasma
Rafelski, J. (1991) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)91576-h · Cited by 240
Excluded volume hadron gas model for particle number ratios in A+A collisions
Yen, G. D., Gorenstein, M. I., Greiner, W., et al. (1997) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.56.2210 · Cited by 177
Anomalous suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at 158×A GeV/c
Gonin, M., Abreu, M. C., Alexa, C., Alessandro, B., Astruc, J., Baglin, C., Baldit, A., Bellaiche, F. G., Bedjidian, M., Beolè, S., et al. (1996) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00373-9 · Cited by 144
Strange particle production in nuclear collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon
Alber, T., Appelshäuser, H., Bächler, J., Bartke, J. G., Białkowska, H., Bloomer, M. A., Bock, R., Braithwaite, W. J., Brinkmann, D., Brockmann, R., et al. (1994) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1007/bf01557391 · Cited by 126
Self-citationChemical freeze-out conditions in central S-S collisions at 200A GeV
Sollfrank, J., Gaździcki, M., Heinz, U., & Johann Rafelski, A. (1994) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1007/bf01552632 · Cited by 97
Self-citation
Cited by
Energy and system size dependence of chemical freeze-out in relativistic nuclear collisions
Becattini, F., Manninen, J., & Gaździcki, M. (2006) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.73.044905 · Cited by 412
Self-citationChemical equilibrium study in nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energies
Becattini, F., Gaździcki, M., Keränen, A., Manninen, J., & Stock, R. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.69.024905 · Cited by 271
Self-citationSingle identified hadron spectra from sNN=130GeV Au+Au collisions
Adcox, K., Adler, S., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alexander, J., Aphecetche, L., Arai, Y., Aronson, S. H., Averbeck, R., Awes, T. C., et al. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.69.024904 · Cited by 166
Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe
Boyanovsky, D., de Vega, H. J., & Schwarz, D. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140539 · Cited by 146
Particle number fluctuations in a canonical ensemble
Begun, V., Gaździcki, M., Gorenstein, M. I., et al. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.70.034901 · Cited by 125
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Becattini, F., Gaździcki, M., & Sollfrank, J.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (IT)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Becattini, F.
- Gaździcki, M.
- Sollfrank, J.
- Venue
- The European Physical Journal C
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 143-153
- ISSN
- 1434-6044 (ISSN-L)
- 1434-6052
- OpenAlex
- W2130852049
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 12.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- The European Physical Journal C (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Nuclear physics research studies
- Keywords
- chemical equilibrium, heavy-ion collisions, hadron multiplicity, chemical freeze-out temperature, strangeness suppression, system size dependence, S+S collisions, Pb-Pb collisions
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: On chemical equilibrium in nuclear collisions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s100520050256
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- Becattini, F., Gaździcki, M., & Sollfrank, J. (1998). On chemical equilibrium in nuclear collisions. The European Physical Journal C. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100520050256
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
