Estimation of the heat required for intermediate pyrolysis of biomass
Open accessAbstract
Biomass waste contains an abundant source of energy that can be transformed into high-calorific fuel during intermediate pyrolysis, consequently reducing the use of fossil fuel resources. In the present study, medium density fibreboard (MDF), brewery spent grains (BSG) and post-extraction soybean meal (SM) were used to pyrolysis. Valorisation of these wastes via intermediate pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 773 K in a fixed-bed reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. The ultimate analysis showed that MDF char has offered the highest carbon content. Generally, chars obtained from these feedstocks were characterized by different internal microstructures. On the one hand, the surface of MDF char has exhibited pores with a regular pattern of small perpendicular blocks. On the other hand, irregular open spaces were detected in BSG and SM chars. The results of this investigation of the microstructure proved that the studied biomass wastes are perspective feedstocks to obtain high-value bioenergy products. Based on the enthalpy balance, it was concluded that the heating value of the pyrolysis gas was higher, the more endothermic pyrolysis process. The research hypothesis confirms that the higher the K 2 O/CaO ratio in the ash, the better biomass pyrolysis process was catalysed and as a result, less additional heat was required for pyrolysis. To carry out the pyrolysis of MDF, SM and BSG, additional heat input was required in the amount of 2016.8, 1467.9 and 881.1 kJ, respectively. It was found that 4–10% of the higher heating value of the raw materials was missing to achieve the self-sustaining energy of intermediate pyrolysis. Graphical abstract
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The observed morphologies may also have occurred through structural reorganization of unconverted biomass, in which thin fragile walls between adjacent micropores collapse under thermal stress, causing pore coalescence from internal overpressure.
“It may have also occurred through structural reorganization of unconverted biomass where thin fragile walls between adjacent micropores collapse under thermal stress causing pore coalescence from internal overpressure [124,125].”
From Pilot-Scale Slow Pyrolysis, Post-Heat Treatment, and Self-Heating Performance of Biochar Fuels Derived from Construction, Renovation, and Demolition (CRD) Wood Waste (2026) · cites this paper as [125]
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- Authors
- Jerzak, W., Reinmöller, M., & Magdziarz, A.
- Affiliations
- AGH University of Krakow (PL)
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Jerzak, Wojciech
- Venue
- Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
- Published
- 2022-09-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3061-3075
- ISSN
- 1618-954X (ISSN-L)
- 1618-9558
- OpenAlex
- W4294267008
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- AGH University of Science and Technology ("Excellence initiative – research" (Grant AGH no 501.696.7996))
- Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej ((NAWA, Exchange programme for students, scientists as a part of bilateral cooperation, grant no. PPN/BIL/2018/1/00027) jointly with the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, grant no. 57448108))
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes
- Keywords
- intermediate pyrolysis, biomass pyrolysis, medium-density fiberboard, brewer's spent grain, soybean meal, char microstructure, bioenergy, waste valorization
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