User-centered multimodal interaction design for autonomous vehicles: a focus on cognitive load and accessibility for users with severe visual impairment
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Emerging evidence suggests that multisensory systems, combining haptics and spatialized audio, may improve accessibility across the trip for BLV users.
“While audio-based smartphone systems are the current standard for BLV interaction, emerging evidence suggests that multisensory systems, combining haptics and spatialized audio, may improve accessibility across the trip.”
From Get In Touch with Your Seat: Accessible Seat Localization for Blind and Low Vision Travelers in Autonomous Shuttles (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
Spatial audio and haptics are the ideal multisensory combination for BLV travelers when using AVs.
“emerging results suggest that spatial audio and haptics are the ideal multisensory combination for BLV travelers when using AVs [5].”
From Get In Touch with Your Seat: Accessible Seat Localization for Blind and Low Vision Travelers in Autonomous Shuttles (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
Multisensory information provides improvements in environmental perception compared to NL information.
“further supporting that multisensory information provides improvements in environmental perception compared to NL information [5].”
From Get In Touch with Your Seat: Accessible Seat Localization for Blind and Low Vision Travelers in Autonomous Shuttles (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
Cites
A Survey on Measuring Cognitive Workload in Human-Computer Interaction
Kosch, T., Karolus, J., Zagermann, J., Reiterer, H., Schmidt, A., & Woźniak, P. W. (2023) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3582272 · Cited by 304 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The NASA-TLX is widely utilized in cognitive workload research within mul - titasking environments, making it a reliable tool for quan - tifying the cognitive resource consumption of SLVP users across different information transmission methods [57 , 58].”
Said, S., Gozdzik, M., Roche, T. R., Braun, J., Rössler, J., Kaserer, A., Spahn, D. R., Nöthiger, C. B., & Tscholl, D. W. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/19472 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Interface and interaction design: How mobile touch devices foster cognitive offloading
Grinschgl, S., Meyerhoff, H. S., & Papenmeier, F. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106317 · Cited by 61 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These findings provide a foundation for optimizing information presentation and interaction design [ 54 , 55].”
Trypke, M., Stebner, F., & Wirth, J. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14080872 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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D. S. Fink, P., R Brown, J., M Movalia, R., J James, K., E Kastelein, M., Bond, J., E Andrulis, M., & A Giudice, N. (2026) · Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772363.3798714
- Authors
- Bu, L., Cui, B., Pan, W., Chen, H., Xia, S., & Li, H.
- Affiliations
- Shenyang Aerospace University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Hesen
- Venue
- Universal Access in the Information Society
- Published
- 2025-06-23
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 3431-3448
- ISSN
- 1615-5289 (ISSN-L)
- 1615-5297
- OpenAlex
- W4411570061
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Universal Access in the Information Society (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Basic scientific research projects of colleges and universities of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education in 2023 (JYTMS20230290)
- 2024 Liaoning Provincial Colleges and Universities Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses Project
- Research topics on Liaoning Province's economic and social development in 2025 (2025lslqnwzzkt-066)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Keywords
- autonomous vehicles, severe visual impairment, cognitive load, accessibility, tactile feedback, spatial audio, voice prompts, environmental perception, user experience, inclusive design, adaptive design
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