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Viscoelastic Properties of Human Tympanic Membrane
Abstract
The tympanic membrane or eardrum of human ear transfers sound waves into mechanical vibration from the external ear canal into the middle ear and cochlea. Mechanical properties of the tympanic membrane (TM) play an important role in sound transmission through the ear. Although limited resources about linear elastic properties of the TM are available in literature, there is a lack of measurement or modeling of viscoelastic properties of the TM at low stress levels. In this study, the uniaxial tensile, stress relaxation, and failure tests were conducted on fresh human cadaver TM specimens to explore mechanical properties of the TM. The experimental results were analyzed using the hyperelastic Ogden model and digital image correlation method. The constitutive equation and non-linear elastic properties of the TM were presented by functions of the stress and strain at the stress range from 0 to 1 MPa. Viscoelastic properties of the TM were described by the stress relaxation function and hysteresis. The results show that the uniaxial tensile test with the aid of digital image correlation analysis is a reliable and useful approach for measuring mechanical properties of ear tissues. The data presented in this paper contribute to ear biomechanics in both experimental measurement and theoretical analysis of ear tissues.
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“Among the aforementioned time intervals, we will focus on the R‐AC interval, i.e., the STI, for its reported correlation with BP.42”
From A Chest‐Laminated Ultrathin and Stretchable E‐Tattoo for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram, Seismocardiogram, and Cardiac Time Intervals (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cheng, T., Dai, C., & Gan, R. Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gan, Rong Z.
- Venue
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2006-12-08
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 305-314
- ISSN
- 0090-6964 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-9686
- OpenAlex
- W1978552078
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC006632)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Keywords
- tympanic membrane, viscoelasticity, stress relaxation, hysteresis, uniaxial tensile testing, digital image correlation, cadaveric tissue, sound transmission, middle ear
- MeSH terms
- Cadaver, Computer Simulation, Elasticity, Humans, Models, Biological, Tensile Strength, Tympanic Membrane, Viscosity, In Vitro Techniques
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