The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimizing Magnetic Nanoparticle Based Thermal Therapies Within the Physical Limits of Heating
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (mNP) based thermal therapies have demonstrated relevance in the clinic, but effective application requires an understanding of both its strengths and limitations. This study explores two critical limitations for clinical use: (1) maximizing localized mNP heating, while avoiding bulk heating due to inductive coupling of the applied field with the body and (2) the limits of treatable volumes, related to basic heat transfer. Two commercially available mNPs are investigated, one superparamagnetic and one ferromagnetic, thereby allowing a comparison between the two fundamental types of mNPs (both of which are being evaluated for clinical use). Important results indicate that in dispersed solutions, the superparamagnetic mNPs outperform on a per mass basis (2× better), but the ferromagnetic mNPs outperform on a per nanoparticle basis (170× better), at the fields of highest clinical relevance (approximately 100 kHz and 20 kA/m). We also demonstrate a new method of observing heating in microliter droplets of mNP solution, leading to scaling analyses that suggest treatable tumor volumes should be ≥2 mm in diameter (for mNP loading of ≥10 mg Fe/g tumor), to achieve therapeutic temperatures ≥43 °C. This technique also provides a novel platform for quantifying heating from microgram quantities of mNPs.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“SARfe increased at higher frequencies (~2 times more at 360 kHz than 190 kHz for 35 kA/m), suggesting a proportional increase in heating with frequency, consistent with prior reports26,28,29.”
From Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“SAR was then calculated using the time rise method described elsewhere26,52 (see supplementary SAR section, Fig. S19).”
From Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
Citations
Cites
Walkey, C. D., & Chan, W. C. W. (2012) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c1cs15233e · Cited by 1,758
Research works printed but not linked: 35
- Atkinson, W. J., I. A. Brezovich, and D. P. Chakraborty. Usable frequencies in hyperthermia with thermal seeds. In: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2007, pp. 70–75. · DOI
- Bordelon, D. E., C. Cornejo, C. Grüttner, F. Westphal, T. L. DeWeese, and R. Ivkov. Magnetic nanoparticle heating efficiency reveals magneto-structural differences when characterized with wide ranging and high amplitude alternating magnetic fields. J. Appl. Phys. 109:124904, 2011. · DOI · Paper page
- Brusentsov, N. A., V. V. Gogosov, T. N. Brusentsova, A. V. Sergeev, N. Y. Jurchenko, A. A. Kuznetsov, O. A. Kuznetsov, and L. I. Shumakov. Evaluation of ferromagnetic fluids and suspensions for the site-specific radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia of MX11 sarcoma cells in vitro. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 225:113–117, 2001. · DOI
- Carrey, J., B. Mehdaoui, and M. Respaud. Simple models for dynamic hysteresis loop calculations of magnetic single-domain nanoparticles: application to magnetic hyperthermia optimization. J. Appl. Phys. 109:083921, 2011. · DOI
- Chan, D. C. F., D. B. Kirpotin, and P. A. Bunn, Jr. Synthesis and evaluation of colloidal magnetic iron oxides for the site-specific radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia of cancer. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 122:374–378, 1993. · DOI
- Chithrani, B. D., A. A. Ghazani, and W. C. W. Chan. Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells. Nano Lett. 6:662–668, 2006. · DOI
- Chou, C. K. Use of heating rate and specific absorption rate in the hyperthermia clinic. Int. J. Hyperth. 6:367–370, 1990. · DOI
- Chou, L. Y., K. Ming, and W. C. Chan. Strategies for the intracellular delivery of nanoparticles. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40:233–245, 2010. · DOI
- Creixell, M., A. C. Bohórquez, M. Torres-Lugo, and C. Rinaldi. EGFR-targeted magnetic nanoparticle heaters kill cancer cells without a perceptible temperature rise. ACS Nano 5:7124–7129, 2011. · DOI
- Etheridge, M., N. Manucherabadi, R. Franklin, and J. Bischof. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle heating: a basic tutorial. In: Nanoparticle Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. CRC Press, 2012, pp. 97–121. · DOI
- Giustini, A. J., R. E. Gottesman, A. A. Petryk, A. M. Rauwerdink, and P. J. Hoopes. Kinetics and pathogenesis of intracellular magnetic nanoparticle cytotoxicity. Proc. SPIE 7901:790118–790118-7, 2011. · DOI
- Giustini, A. J., R. Ivkov, and P. J. Hoopes. An in vivo transmission electron microscopy study of injected dextran-coated iron-oxide nanoparticle location in murine breast adenocarcinoma tumors versus time. Proc. SPIE 7181:71810M–71810M-8, 2009. · DOI
- Gneveckow, U., A. Jordan, R. Scholz, V. Brüss, N. Waldöfner, J. Ricke, A. Feussner, B. Hildebrandt, B. Rau, and P. Wust. Description and characterization of the novel hyperthermia-and thermoablation-system MFH300F for clinical magnetic fluid hyperthermia. Med. Phys. 31:1444, 2004. · DOI
- Goldenberg, H., and C. J. Tranter. Heat flow in an infinite medium heated by a sphere. Br. J. Appl. Phys. 3:296–298, 1952. · DOI
- Hergt, R., W. Andra, C. G. d’Ambly, I. Hilger, W. A. Kaiser, U. Richter, and H. G. Schmidt. Physical limits of hyperthermia using magnetite fine particles. IEEE Trans. Magn. 34:3745–3754, 1998. · DOI
- Hergt, R., S. Dutz, R. Müller, and M. Zeisberger. Magnetic particle hyperthermia: nanoparticle magnetism and materials development for cancer therapy. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 18:S2919, 2006. · DOI
- Hergt, R., S. Dutz, and M. Röder. Effects of size distribution on hysteresis losses of magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20:385214, 2008. · DOI
- Hoopes, P. J., A. A. Petryk, B. Gimi, A. J. Giustini, J. B. Weaver, J. Bischof, R. Chamberlain, and M. Garwood. In vivo imaging and quantification of iron oxide nanoparticle uptake and biodistribution. Proc. SPIE 8317:83170R–83170R-9, 2012. · DOI
- Jordan, A., P. Wust, H. Fähling, W. John, A. Hinz, and R. Felix. Inductive heating of ferrimagnetic particles and magnetic fluids: physical evaluation of their potential for hyperthermia. Int. J. Hyperth. 25:499–511, 1993. · DOI
- Jordan, A., P. Wust, R. Scholz, B. Tesche, H. Fähling, T. Mitrovics, T. Vogl, J. Cervos-Navarro, and R. Felix. Cellular uptake of magnetic fluid particles and their effects on human adenocarcinoma cells exposed to AC magnetic fields in vitro. Int. J. Hyperth. 12:705–722, 1996. · DOI
- Kalambur, V. S., B. Han, B. E. Hammer, T. W. Shield, and J. C. Bischof. In vitro characterization of movement, heating and visualization of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotechnology 16:1221, 2005. · DOI
- Kalambur, V. S., E. K. Longmire, and J. C. Bischof. Cellular level loading and heating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Langmuir 23:12329–12336, 2007. · DOI
- Kallumadil, M., M. Tada, T. Nakagawa, M. Abe, P. Southern, and Q. A. Pankhurst. Suitability of commercial colloids for magnetic hyperthermia. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321:1509–1513, 2009. · DOI
- Kappiyoor, R., M. Liangruksa, R. Ganguly, and I. K. Puri. The effects of magnetic nanoparticle properties on magnetic fluid hyperthermia. J. Appl. Phys. 108:094702, 2010. · DOI
- Keblinski, P., D. G. Cahill, A. Bodapati, C. R. Sullivan, and T. A. Taton. Limits of localized heating by electromagnetically excited nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 100:054305, 2006. · DOI
- Müller, R., R. Hergt, M. Zeisberger, and W. Gawalek. Preparation of magnetic nanoparticles with large specific loss power for heating applications. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 289:13–16, 2005. · DOI
- Perrault, S. D., C. Walkey, T. Jennings, H. C. Fischer, and W. C. W. Chan. Mediating tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles through design. Nano Lett. 9:1909–1915, 2009. · DOI
- Petryk, A. A., R. V. Stigliano, A. J. Giustini, R. E. Gottesman, B. S. Trembly, P. A. Kaufman, and P. J. Hoopes. Comparison of iron oxide nanoparticle and microwave hyperthermia alone or combined with cisplatinum in murine breast tumors. Proc. SPIE 7901:790119–790119-7, 2011. · DOI
- Qin, Z., M. Etheridge, and J. C. Bischof. Nanoparticle heating: nanoscale to bulk effects of electromagnetically heated iron oxide and gold for biomedical applications. Proc. SPIE 7901:79010C–79010C-15, 2011.
- Rabin, Y. Is intracellular hyperthermia superior to extracellular hyperthermia in the thermal sense? Int. J. Hyperth. 18:194–202, 2002. · DOI
- Rodríguez-Luccioni, H. L., M. Latorre-Esteves, J. Méndez-Vega, O. Soto, A. R. Rodríguez, C. Rinaldi, and M. Torres-Lugo. Enhanced reduction in cell viability by hyperthermia induced by magnetic nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomed. 6:373–380, 2011.
- Rosensweig, R. E. Heating magnetic fluid with alternating magnetic field. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 252:370–374, 2002. · DOI
- Urtizberea, A., E. Natividad, A. Arizaga, M. Castro, and A. Mediano. Specific absorption rates and magnetic properties of ferrofluids with interaction effects at low concentrations. J. Phys. Chem. C 114:4916–4922, 2010. · DOI
- Wust, P., U. Gneveckow, M. Johannsen, D. Böhmer, T. Henkel, F. Kahmann, J. Sehouli, R. Felix, J. Ricke, and A. Jordan. Magnetic nanoparticles for interstitial thermotherapy—feasibility, tolerance and achieved temperatures. Int. J. Hyperth. 22:673–685, 2006. · DOI
- Wust, P., J. Nadobny, R. Felix, P. Deulhard, A. Louis, and W. John. Strategies for optimized application of annular-phased-array systems in clinical hyperthermia. Int. J. Hyperth. 7:157–173, 1991. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation
Gangwar, L., Han, Z., Scheithauer, C., Namsrai, B.-E., Kantesaria, S., Goldstein, R., Etheridge, M. L., Finger, E. B., & Bischof, J. C. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63483-2 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Etheridge, M. L., & Bischof, J. C.
- Venue
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2012-08-02
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-88
- ISSN
- 0090-6964
- 1573-9686
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Optimizing Magnetic Nanoparticle Based Thermal Therapies Within the Physical Limits of Heating. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10439-012-0633-1
- The paper
- Etheridge, M. L., & Bischof, J. C. (2013). Optimizing Magnetic Nanoparticle Based Thermal Therapies Within the Physical Limits of Heating. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-012-0633-1