The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Impact of Patient Race on Clinical Decisions Related to Prescribing HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Assumptions About Sexual Risk Compensation and Implications for Access
Open accessAbstract
Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has received increasing recognition as a viable prescription-based intervention for people at risk for HIV acquisition. However, little is known about racial biases affecting healthcare providers’ willingness to prescribe PrEP. This investigation sought to explore medical students’ stereotypes about sexual risk compensation among Black versus White men who have sex with men seeking PrEP, and the impact of such stereotypes on willingness to prescribe PrEP. An online survey presented participants (n = 102) with a clinical vignette of a PrEP-seeking, HIV-negative man with an HIV-positive male partner. Patient race was systematically manipulated. Participants reported predictions about patient sexual risk compensation, willingness to prescribe PrEP, and other clinical judgments. Bootstrapping analyses revealed that the Black patient was rated as more likely than the White patient to engage in increased unprotected sex if prescribed PrEP, which, in turn, was associated with reduced willingness to prescribe PrEP to the patient.ResumenLa profilaxis pre-exposición con antirretrovirales (PrEP) ha recibido cada vez más reconocimiento como intervención viable a base de receta para personas en riesgo de contraer el VIH. Sin embargo, se conoce poco acerca de los prejuicios raciales que afectan a la disposición de los proveedores de salud a prescribir PrEP. Esta investigación buscó explorar los estereotipos de los estudiantes de medicina sobre la compensación del riesgo sexual entre hombres negros versus hombres blancos que tienen sexo con hombres que solicitan la PrEP, y el impacto de esos estereotipos sobre la voluntad de prescribir PrEP. Una encuesta por Internet presentó a los participantes (n = 102) una viñeta clínica de una petición de PrEP; un hombre sin VIH con una pareja masculina seropositiva. La raza del paciente fue manipulada sistemáticamente. Los participantes informaron de las predicciones de la compensación del riesgo del paciente, de la voluntad de prescribir PrEP, y de otros juicios clínicos. Análisis de muestreo revelaron que el paciente negro fue clasificado como más propenso que el paciente blanco a participar en el aumento de relaciones sexuales sin protección si la PrEPera prescrita, lo cual, a su vez, fue asociado con una reducción de la disposición para prescribir PrEP al paciente.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2013) · Cited by 44,563
Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422 · Cited by 11,335
Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium
Hayes, A. F. (2009) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637750903310360 · Cited by 9,757
Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-5843 · Cited by 7,043
Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.
Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 · Cited by 5,815
Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.
Grant, R. M., Lama, J. R., Anderson, P. L., McMahan, V., Liu, A. Y., Vargas, L., Goicochea, P., Casapía, M., Guanira-Carranza, J. V., Ramirez-Cardich, M. E., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1011205 · Cited by 5,096
The role of stereotyping in system‐justification and the production of false consciousness
Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01008.x · Cited by 3,290
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.
Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015575 · Cited by 3,257
Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women.
Baeten, J. M., Donnell, D., Ndase, P., Mugo, N. R., Campbell, J. D., Wangisi, J., Tappero, J. W., Bukusi, E. A., Cohen, C. R., Katabira, E., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1108524 · Cited by 3,256
Cited by
Racism in healthcare: a scoping review
Hamed, S., Bradby, H., Ahlberg, B. M., & Thapar-Björkert, S. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13122-y · Cited by 444
PrEP stigma: implicit and explicit drivers of disparity
Golub, S. A. (2018) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-018-0385-0 · Cited by 383
Metadata
- Authors
- Calabrese, S. K., Earnshaw, V. A., Underhill, K., Hansen, N. B., & Dovidio, J. F.
- Venue
- AIDS and Behavior
- Published
- 2013-12-24
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 226-240
- ISSN
- 1090-7165 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3254
- OpenAlex
- W1988462690
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 89
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Impact of Patient Race on Clinical Decisions Related to Prescribing HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Assumptions About Sexual Risk Compensation and Implications for Access. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10461-013-0675-x
- The paper
- Calabrese, S. K., Earnshaw, V. A., Underhill, K., Hansen, N. B., & Dovidio, J. F. (2014). The Impact of Patient Race on Clinical Decisions Related to Prescribing HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Assumptions About Sexual Risk Compensation and Implications for Access. AIDS and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0675-x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.