SMARTtest: A Smartphone App to Facilitate HIV and Syphilis Self- and Partner-Testing, Interpretation of Results, and Linkage to Care

Balán, Iván C.; Lopez-Rios, Javier; Nayak, Samiksha; Lentz, Cody; Arumugam, Siddarth; Kutner, Bryan; Dolezal, Curtis; Macar, Ongun Uzay; Pabari, Tejit; Wang Ying, Alexander; Okrah, Michael; Sia, Samuel K.

doi:10.1007/s10461-019-02718-y

Cited by 54HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsMobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk

SMARTtest: A Smartphone App to Facilitate HIV and Syphilis Self- and Partner-Testing, Interpretation of Results, and Linkage to Care

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Balán, Iván C., Lopez-Rios, Javier, Nayak, Samiksha, Lentz, Cody, Arumugam, Siddarth, Kutner, Bryan, Dolezal, Curtis, Macar, Ongun Uzay +4 more·2020·AIDS and Behavior

DOI 10.1007/s10461-019-02718-yPMC PMC7162728

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Abstract

Acceptability of rapid HIV self-testing is high but potential users remain concerned about correct use, interpretation of test results, and linkage to care. This article describes user preferences for a smartphone app to mitigate these challenges and how these were integrated into the SMARTtest app to support self- and partner-testing using the INSTI Multiplex®. Sixty men and transgender women who have sex with men self-tested for HIV and syphilis while guided by a prototype app that provided a video, pictorial step-by-step instructions, and sample test results presented textually ("positive," "negative"). Subsequently, participants provided feedback on revisions and additional app content. Participants recommended offering different user modes (self, partner, both), and retaining the video, step-by-step instructions, and textual test results. They strongly favored the ability to save and send test results to sexual partners or providers. These features were integrated into the SMARTtest app to facilitate HIV/syphilis self- and partner-testing, HIV/syphilis status awareness and disclosure, and linkage to care.

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The systematic review included 12 publications of about seven different studies, of which two were RCTs.
“Overall, the review included 12 publications of about seven different studies (61-72), of which two were RCTs (64, 66).”
From Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
The Methods (Procedures; page unavailable) describe SMARTtest as a multi-phase study with interviews, focus groups, and a mini-pilot, so the paper can serve as an example of a study publication cited in the review. It does not report the review’s totals of 12 publications, about seven studies, or two RCTs. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Authors: Balán, I. C., Lopez-Rios, J., Nayak, S., Lentz, C., Arumugam, S., Kutner, B., Dolezal, C., Macar, O. U., Pabari, T., Wang Ying, A., Okrah, M., & Sia, S. K.
Affiliations: New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Balán, Iván C.
ORCID: Balán, Iván C.
Lentz, Cody
Arumugam, Siddarth
Kutner, Bryan
Dolezal, Curtis
Sia, Samuel K.
Venue: AIDS and Behavior
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-11-02
Volume: 24
Issue: 5
Pages: 1560-1573
ISSN: 1090-7165 (ISSN-L)
1573-3254
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02718-y
PMC: PMC7162728
OpenAlex: W2985583006
Cited by: 53
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5
FWCI: 5.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: AIDS and Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (R01-HD088156, P30-MH43520)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Keywords: HIV self-testing, partner testing, mobile application, rapid HIV testing, test result interpretation, linkage to care, user preferences, men who have sex with men, HIV status disclosure
MeSH terms: Smartphone, Adult, Aged, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sexual Partners, Syphilis, HIV Infections, Young Adult

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SMARTtest: A Smartphone App to Facilitate HIV and Syphilis Self- and Partner-Testing, Interpretation of Results, and Linkage to Care

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