Evaluation of Breathing Pattern: Comparison of a Manual Assessment of Respiratory Motion (MARM) and Respiratory Induction Plethysmography
Abstract
Altered breathing pattern is an aspect of dysfunctional breathing but few standardised techniques exist to evaluate it. This study investigates a technique for evaluating and quantifying breathing pattern, called the Manual Assessment of Respiratory Motion (MARM) and compares it to measures performed with Respiratory Induction Plethysmography (RIP). About 12 subjects altered their breathing and posture while 2 examiners assessed their breathing using the MARM. Simultaneous measurements with RIP were taken. Inter-examiner agreement and agreement between MARM and RIP were assessed. The ability of the measurement methods to differentiate between diverse breathing and postural patterns was compared. High levels of agreement between examiners were found with the MARM for measures of the upper rib cage relative to lower rib cage/abdomen motion during breathing but not for measures of volume. The measures of upper rib cage dominance during breathing correlated with similar measures obtained from RIP. Both RIP and MARM measures methods were able to differentiate between abdominal and thoracic breathing patterns, but only MARM was able to differentiate between breathing changes occurring as result of slumped versus erect sitting posture. This study suggests that the MARM is a reliable clinical tool for assessing breathing pattern.
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Other suggested methods of diagnosis include the SEBQ, end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, breath holding time, and MARM.
“Other suggested methods of diagnosis include other questionnaires such as the Self Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire (SEBQ), end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement”
From Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
Objective assessment tools lack sufficient evidence (BH and BPAT) or are perceived to be too complex for general use (Manual Assessment of Respiratory Motion).
“Objective assessment tools lack sufficient evidence (BH 31 and BPAT 14 ) or are perceived to be too complex for general use (Manual Assessment of Respiratory Motion 32 ).”
From Physiotherapy assessment of breathing pattern disorder: a qualitative evaluation (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
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Thomas, M., McKinley, R. K., Freeman, E., & Foy, C. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1098 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
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Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification
Boulding, R., Stacey, R., Niven, R., & Fowler, S. J. (2016) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0088-2015 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Courtney, R., Greenwood, K. M., & Cohen, M. (2011) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.06.004 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationReilly, C. C., Floyd, S. V., Lee, K., Warwick, G., James, S., Gall, N., & Rafferty, G. F. (2020) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102601 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Physiotherapy assessment of breathing pattern disorder: a qualitative evaluation
Grillo, L., Russell, A.-M., Shannon, H., & Lewis, A. (2023) · BMJ Open Respiratory Research · doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001395 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Our methodology enabled detailed exploration of the components of assessments and also included the conflicts in the nomenclature used for this condition, and the different thinking around the assessment of the diaphragm.”
- Authors
- Courtney, R., van Dixhoorn, J., & Cohen, M.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Courtney, Rosalba
- Venue
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
- Published
- 2008-03-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 91-100
- ISSN
- 0363-3586 (ISSN-L)
- 1090-0586
- 1573-3270
- OpenAlex
- W2092076193
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- breathing pattern, dysfunctional breathing, inter-examiner agreement, thoracic breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, rib cage motion
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plethysmography, Posture, Respiration, Thorax, Observer Variation, Respiratory Mechanics
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