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Cited by 22Aquaculture Nutrition and GrowthAquaculture disease management and microbiotaAlgal biology and biofuel production

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Microbial products in terms of isolates, whole-cell biomass, and live organisms as aquafeed ingredients: production, nutritional values, and market potential—a review

Jannathulla, Rajabdeen, Sravanthi, Oduru, Moomeen, Syed, Gopikrishna, Gopalapillai, Dayal, Jagabattula Syama·2021·Aquaculture International
DOI 10.1007/s10499-021-00644-2
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Abstract

Utilizing microbial products could be considered a novel approach to sustain the present growth of the aquafeed sector due to dwindling availability and high cost of fishmeal. Various microbial products in terms of isolates, whole-cell biomass, and live organisms are mainly derived from algae, bacteria, fungi, and yeast through the process of fermentation. They have a balanced amino acid profile and contain several minerals and vitamins. However, essential amino acid index (EAAI) of fungal-based microbial meal was comparatively lower (0.57–0.67) than the other three microbes (0.77–0.90). Microbes were deployed in the production of microbial products ranked as algae > fungus/yeast > bacteria based on their nucleic acid content. The global production of microbial products was valued at US$5.3 billion in 2017 and is predicted to increase by 8.6% in 2018–2023. They could substitute fishmeal by 25–50% in feeds for aquatic species. Notwithstanding, they act as a potential growth promoter, a viable immunostimulant and can control infectious diseases in various aquatic species. The present review reiterates the utilization of microbial products in ameliorating the issues related to the global aquafeed industry, in particular fishmeal demand. However, newer approaches need to be established with regard to fermentation technology and genetic engineering to overcome the present limitations to make them an economical one.

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Metadata

Authors
Jannathulla, R., Sravanthi, O., Moomeen, S., Gopikrishna, G., & Dayal, J. S.
Affiliations
Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (IN)
Corresponding author
Jannathulla, Rajabdeen
ORCID
Jannathulla, Rajabdeen
Venue
Aquaculture International
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-01-21
Volume
29
Issue
2
Pages
623-650
ISSN
  • 0967-6120 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-143X
DOI
10.1007/s10499-021-00644-2
OpenAlex
W3125205275
Cited by
22
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2
FWCI
2.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
Aquaculture International (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
Keywords
microbial products, aquaculture feed, fish meal replacement, live microorganisms, algae, bacteria, fungi, yeast, fermentation, essential amino acid index, nutritional value, growth promoters, immunostimulants, market potential, genetic engineering of microorganisms

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Microbial products in terms of isolates, whole-cell biomass, and live organisms as aquafeed ingredients: production, nutritional values, and market potential—a review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10499-021-00644-2
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Jannathulla, R., Sravanthi, O., Moomeen, S., Gopikrishna, G., & Dayal, J. S. (2021). Microbial products in terms of isolates, whole-cell biomass, and live organisms as aquafeed ingredients: production, nutritional values, and market potential—a review. Aquaculture International. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00644-2