Weeds, worms, and deer: positive relationships among common forest understory stressors

Fisichelli, Nicholas A.; Miller, Kathryn M.

doi:10.1007/s10530-017-1630-y

Cited by 22Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics StudiesAnimal Ecology and Behavior StudiesForest Insect Ecology and Management

Weeds, worms, and deer: positive relationships among common forest understory stressors

Fisichelli, Nicholas A., Miller, Kathryn M.·2018·Biological Invasions

DOI 10.1007/s10530-017-1630-y

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Abstract

Biotic global change agents, such as non-native plants (‘weeds’), non-native earthworms (‘worms’), and overabundant herbivores (white-tailed ‘deer’), can be major stressors in the forest understory. The status and relationships among these global change stressors across large spatial extents and under naturally varying conditions are poorly understood. Here, through an observational study using a network of U.S. National Park Service forest health monitoring plots (n = 350) from eight parks in seven northeastern states, we modeled causal pathways among global change stressors through model selection in a structural equation (SEM) framework. Weeds, worms, and, deer were common across all parks in the study—46% of plots had non-native plants, 42% of plots had evidence of earthworms, and all parks had plots with high deer browse damage. All biotic global change stressors were significantly and positively correlated with one another (all Spearman rank correlations ≥ 0.44). Consequently, 28% of plots had a combination of earthworms absent, low deer browse, and no non-native plants, and 29% of plots included earthworms, non-native plants, and moderate or greater browse damage. Through SEM, we found strong support for pathways among global change stressors, e.g., deer browse positively influenced earthworm presence and both deer and earthworms promoted non-native plants. Warmer air temperatures and higher soil pH also facilitated non-natives. This research highlights the tremendous…

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Many of the parks experiencing the most severe impacts of chronic deer browse also have the highest and increasing invasive plant loads.
“Many of the parks experiencing the most severe impacts of chronic deer browse also have the highest and increasing invasive plant loads (Fisichelli & Miller, 2018;Miller et al., 2021).”
From Overabundant deer and invasive plants drive widespread regeneration debt in eastern United States national parks (2023) · cites this paper as Fisichelli & Miller, 2018

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Authors: Fisichelli, N. A., & Miller, K. M.
Affiliations: Schoodic Institute (US)
National Park Service (US)
Corresponding author: Fisichelli, Nicholas A.
ORCID: Fisichelli, Nicholas A.
Miller, Kathryn M.
Venue: Biological Invasions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-11-17
Volume: 20
Issue: 5
Pages: 1337-1348
ISSN: 1387-3547 (ISSN-L)
1573-1464
DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1630-y
OpenAlex: W2770409279
Cited by: 21
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 0.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations: Biological Invasions (publishedVersion)
Funders: Maine Timberlands Charitable Trust
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Forest Insect Ecology and Management
Keywords: understory vegetation, non-native plants, earthworms, white-tailed deer, invasive species, global warming, soil pH, forest health, causal pathways, national parks, northeastern United States

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Weeds, worms, and deer: positive relationships among common forest understory stressors

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