Bats benefit from beavers: a facilitative link between aquatic and terrestrial food webs
Abstract
Bat populations are declining in many areas, partly because up to two-thirds of their wetland habitats have been lost. One natural agent creating wetlands is the beaver, which is recolonizing its former range. Beaver flowages are known for their high production of aquatic invertebrates. We tested the hypothesis that the high numbers of insects emerging from beaver flowages influences their use by foraging bats. We compared bat use and bat numbers above flowages of introduced Canadian beavers Castor canadensis and in nearby control ponds where beavers were absent. The two bat species detected, Eptesicus nilssoni and Myotis daubentoni, used beaver flowages more than non-beaver ponds. This is especially the case for Eptesicus nilssoni. Bats also seemed to forage in larger groups while above beaver ponds compared to the control ponds. Beaver flowages appeared to improve bat habitats. A plausible reason for this could be the high number of insects emerging from beaver ponds. Favouring the beaver in habitat management is a tool for creating suitable conditions for many other species, such as bats. In areas not suited for the beaver, insect production can be achieved by imitating the beaver with man-made impoundments. This is especially important in areas which have lost most of their wetlands.
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Many terrestrial species, including insect pollinators, birds, bats, and other mammals, rely on ponds for water, food, and habitat.
“Alongside aquatic species, many terrestrial species, including insect pollinators, birds, bats, and other mammals rely on ponds for water, food, and habitat (Nummi et al. 2011, Lewis-Phillips et al. 2020).”
From Pond ecology and conservation: research priorities and knowledge gaps (2021) · cites this paper as Nummi et al. 2011
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Liao, W., & Nummi, P. (2024) · doi:10.32942/x2cw34 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Nakashima, N., Tsuji, O., MUNEOKA, T., & Kimura, M. (2024) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.14154 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Moser, V., Minnig, S., Capitani, L., Boch, S., Cramer, N., Edman, O., Hofmann, P., Hürbin, A., Obrist, M. К., Robinson, C. T., et al. (2026) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.70439 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Evaluation of the ecological impacts of beaver reintroduction on aquatic systems
Law, A. (2014) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
NATURAL ZONALITY OF THE FOREST BELT OF NORTHERN EURASIA: MYTH OR REALITY? PART 2 (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Smirnova, O. V., Geraskina, А. P., & Коротков, В. Н. (2021) · Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology · doi:10.21685/2500-0578-2021-2-1
Northern Bat Eptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling and Blasius, 1839)
Suominen, K. M., Kotila, M., Blomberg, A. S., Pihlström, H., Ilyukha, V. A., & Lilley, T. M. (2023) · Handbook of the mammals of Europe · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44029-9_45
Effects of scattered trees on pond ecosystems: experimental evidence from a biodiversity hotspotPreprint
Moreira-Ferreira, B., Caires-Souza, J. L., Neres‐Lima, V., Prevedello, J. A., & Zandonà, E. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7429547/v1
Beaver dam analogues increase amphibian breeding occupancy and bat activity
Hallza, J., Russo, M. D., Foster, L., Harwell, A., Ingman, M., Whipple, A., & Piovia‐Scott, J. (2026) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.70377
Time-dependent effects of beavers on terrestrial invertebrate biomass and diversity
Gintberg, M. M., Bahrndorff, S., & Andersen, L. H. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116087
Fedyń, I., & Ciach, M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.16.751978
- Authors
- Nummi, P., Kattainen, S., Ulander, P., & Hahtola, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Nummi, Petri
- ORCID
- Nummi, Petri
- Venue
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Published
- 2011-01-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 851-859
- ISSN
- 0960-3115 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9710
- OpenAlex
- W1999805233
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biodiversity and Conservation (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- bats, beavers, Castor canadensis, Myotis daubentoni, wetland habitat, aquatic-terrestrial linkages, insect emergence, bat foraging behavior, group foraging, wetland restoration, bat population decline
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