Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk (Canada)
Abstract
Objective It has been suggested that dietary phytoestrogen intake during adolescence may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. This population-based case-control study evaluated the association between adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and adult breast cancer risk among women in Ontario, Canada. Methods Pathology-confirmed, population-based breast cancer cases, aged 25-74 years, diagnosed between June 2002 and April 2003, were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Population-based controls were recruited, and matched to cases within 5-year age groups. Adolescent phytoestrogen intake was obtained using a brief food frequency questionnaire (n = 3,024 cases, n = 3,420 controls). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Higher phytoestrogen intake (both isoflavones and lignans) during adolescence was associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, and a monotonic trend was observed from the lowest to the highest quartile (OR [Q2] = 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.04, OR[Q3] = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.98, and OR[Q4] = 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.82, p-trend Conclusion Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake may be associated with a decreased risk of adult breast cancer. If verified, this finding has important implications with regard to breast cancer prevention since diet is a potentially modifiable factor.
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Five of six studies examining soyfood consumption in childhood found higher soy intake (≥1 to ≥4 servings per week) was significantly protective against breast cancer in adulthood.
“Five of six studies examining the effects of soyfood consumption in childhood found that higher soy intake, ranging from ≥1 to ≥4 servings per week, compared to lower intake, was significantly protective against breast cancer in adulthood [62,71,73,77,78].”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [73]
Among case-control studies reporting odds ratios with confidence intervals, 11 of 19 (58%) showed significant inverse relationships between soy food or protein intake and breast cancer risk.
“Of the 19 studies, 11 (58%) showed significant inverse relationships between soy food or protein intake and risk of breast cancer [44-46,61,64,71-73,77,78,81].”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [73]
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Maldonado, G., & Greenland, S. (1993) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813 · Cited by 2,491 · see citing works
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Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk
Wu, A. H., Yu, M. C., Tseng, C.-C., & Pike, M. C. (2008) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604145 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Fritz, H., Seely, D., Flower, G., Skidmore, B., Fernandes, R., Vadeboncoeur, S., Kennedy, D., Cooley, K., Wong, R., Sagar, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081968 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Thanos, J., Cotterchio, M., Boucher, B. A., Kreiger, N., & Thompson, L. U.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Cancer Care Ontario (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Cotterchio, Michelle
- Venue
- Cancer Causes & Control
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1253-1261
- ISSN
- 0957-5243 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7225
- OpenAlex
- W2024541482
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cancer Causes & Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Breast Cancer Alliance
- Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- phytoestrogens, adolescent diet, breast cancer risk, isoflavones, lignans, breast cancer prevention, dietary intake, women
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Breast Neoplasms, Canada, Diet, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Registries, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Phytoestrogens
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