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Resilience in Children Exposed to Violence: A Meta-analysis of Protective Factors Across Ecological Contexts

Yule, Kristen, Houston, Jessica, Grych, John·2019·Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

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Abstract

Children who experience violence in their families and communities are at increased risk for a wide range of psychological and behavioral difficulties, but some exhibit resilience, or adaptive functioning following adversity. Understanding what promotes resilience is critical for developing more effective prevention and intervention strategies. Over 100 studies have examined potential protective factors for children exposed to violence in the past 30 years, but there has been no quantitative review of this literature. In order to identify which protective factors have received the strongest empirical support, we conducted a meta-analysis of 118 studies involving 101,592 participants. We separately evaluated cross-sectional (n = 71) and longitudinal (n = 47) studies testing bivariate, additive, and buffering effects for eleven proposed protective factors. Effect sizes generally were stronger in cross-sectional than longitudinal studies, but four protective factors-self-regulation, family support, school support, and peer support-demonstrated significant additive and/or buffering effects in longitudinal studies. Results were consistent across type of violence experienced (i.e., maltreatment, intimate partner violence, community violence). The review highlights the most robust predictors of resilience, identifies limitations of this work, and offers directions for improving our understanding of the processes and programs that foster resilience in children exposed to violence.

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Authors: Yule, K., Houston, J., & Grych, J.
Affiliations: Marquette University (US)
Corresponding author: Yule, Kristen
ORCID: Yule, Kristen
Venue: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-03-18
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 406-431
ISSN: 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
1573-2827
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00293-1
OpenAlex: W2924860102
Cited by: 331
References: 237
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 5.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
Keywords: resilience, children exposed to violence, protective factors, self-regulation, family support, school support, peer support, child abuse, intimate partner violence, community violence, buffering effect, additive effects, ecological context
MeSH terms: Psychological Trauma, Self-Control, Adolescent, Child, Family Relations, Humans, Peer Group, Schools, Social Support, Violence, Resilience, Psychological, Protective Factors

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Resilience in Children Exposed to Violence: A Meta-analysis of Protective Factors Across Ecological Contexts

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