The DOI matches its Crossref record; 153 of the 157 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Addressing the “Myth” of Racial Trauma: Developmental and Ecological Considerations for Youth of Color
Open accessAbstract
Trauma is prevalent among children and adolescents, with youth of color generally reporting greater exposure compared to White youth. One factor that may account for this difference is racial stress, which can manifest into trauma symptoms. Although racial stress and trauma (RST) significantly impacts youth of color, most of the research to date has focused on adult populations. In addition, little attention has been given to the impact of the ecological context in how youth encounter and cope with RST. As such, we propose the Developmental and Ecological Model of Youth Racial Trauma (DEMYth-RT), a conceptual model of how racial stressors manifest to influence the trauma symptomatology of children and adolescents of color. Within developmental periods, we explore how individual, family, and community processes influence youth's symptoms and coping. We also discuss challenges to identifying racial trauma in young populations according to clinician limitations and the post-traumatic stress disorder framework within the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5). The article concludes with implications on applying DEMYth-RT in clinical and research settings to address RST for youth of color.
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“BIPOC individuals rarely identify with one single occurrence of racial trauma. Instead, they generally find themselves within two main categories of traumatic experiences based on their skin color: major racial trauma and everyday racial trauma”
From Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2023) · cites this paper as Saleem et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Recent studies also explicate the impact of race-based stress and trauma (i.e., traumatic stress reactions elicited by racial discrimination) on biopsychosocial outcomes among youth of color (39–41).”
From Structural Racism and Suicide Prevention for Ethnoracially Minoritized Youth: A Conceptual Framework and Illustration Across Systems (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
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“A traumatic event is a dangerous, frightening, or violent incident that involves actual or threatened death or a threat to the bodily integrity of self or others (American Psychiatric Association 2013, p. 271).”
BackgroundDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bernard, D. L., Calhoun, C. D., Banks, D. E., Halliday, C. A., Halbert, C. H., & Danielson, C. K. (2020) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-020-00319-9 · Cited by 371
“2018), with considerably few studies taking steps to consider racial discrimination as a PTE for Black youth (Anderson and Stevenson 2019; Jernigan and Daniel 2011; Saleem et al. 2019).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDisparities in Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions
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Effects of Racism on Child Development: Advancing Antiracist Developmental Science
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Metadata
- Authors
- Saleem, F. T., Anderson, R. E., & Williams, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Saleem, Farzana T.
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2019-10-23
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-14
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- PMC
- PMC8845073
- OpenAlex
- W2982208430
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG015281)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Keywords
- racial trauma, racial stress, youth of color, children and adolescents, trauma symptoms, coping, family and community context, post-traumatic stress disorder, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, conceptual model
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Trauma, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Models, Psychological, Stress, Psychological, Racism
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