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Factors associated with poor mental health status among homeless women with and without dependent children

Open access
Chambers, Catharine, Chiu, Shirley, Scott, Allison N., Tolomiczenko, George, Redelmeier, Donald A., Levinson, Wendy, Hwang, Stephen W.·2014·Community Mental Health Journal
DOI 10.1007/s10597-013-9605-7PMC PMC3883929
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of mental health problems among a representative sample of homeless women with and without dependent children and determine if the effects of risk factors for mental health are modified by the presence of dependent children. Homeless women (n = 522) were recruited in 2004-2005 from shelters and meal programs in Toronto, Canada. Linear and logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with mental health status. Poor mental health was associated with low perceived access to social support, physical/sexual assault in the past 12 months, presence of a chronic health condition, and presence of a drug use problem in the past month. Efforts to improve mental health in this population will need to address the associated problems of victimization, substance abuse, and lack of social supports.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s10597-013-9605-7

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38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The EU homeless population is shifting from single middle-aged men toward migrants from other EU and non-EU countries, younger people, women, and families.

    “The homeless population in EU states is changing from single, middle-aged men to migrants from other EU and non-EU countries, younger people, women, and families.”

    From The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations (2014) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says that women, including women with dependent children, are a growing segment of the homeless population in Canada. It does not establish a shift in EU states from single middle-aged men toward migrants, younger people, women, and families. The Recruitment and Eligibility section identifies the study population as homeless people in Toronto, Canada. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Roma gypsies and other minorities are over-represented among homeless people in the EU.

    “Roma gypsies and other minorities are over-represented.26”

    From The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations (2014) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Recruitment and Eligibility section describes a sample from Toronto, Canada, not the EU. The Results compare racial-minority proportions between two groups of homeless women, but do not compare homeless people with the general population or mention Roma people. Searches for Roma, EU homelessness, and minority over-representation found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • Homelessness appears to have increased in the EU over the past 5 years, with only Finland and the Netherlands reporting reductions.

    “Homelessness seems to have increased in the past 5 years; only Finland and the Netherlands have reported reductions.26”

    From The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations (2014) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Introduction discusses a growing segment of the homeless population in Canada, while Recruitment and Eligibility describes a Toronto sample. Searches for Finland, the Netherlands, EU homelessness trends, and a five-year increase found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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  • Across the whole EU, an estimated 4.1 million people experience a homeless episode each year.

    “In the whole of the EU, an estimated 4·1 million people have a homeless episode in a year (panel 2).26”

    From The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations (2014) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Introduction discusses homelessness in Canada and gives Toronto shelter figures, while Recruitment and Eligibility describes a Toronto sample. Searches for the 4.1 million figure and an annual EU homelessness estimate found no passage addressing that claim in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Cites

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1 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [9]9. City of Toronto. (2009b). Staff report: 2010 per diem rates for the purchase of service shelter system and results of the review of the per diem funding model. Appendix C. 2008 vs. 2009 occupancy information. Retrieved from http://www.toronto.ca/housing/research-reports-appendices.htm
  2. [19]19. Hwang, S. W., Chiu, S., Kiss, A., Katic, M., Tolomiczenko, G., Levinson, W. et al. (2005). Use of meal programs and shelters by homeless people in Toronto. Journal of Urban Health, 82, ii46.
  3. [27]27. Lewis, J. H., Andersen, R. M., & Gelberg, L. (2003). Health care for homeless women. Journal of General Internal Medicine,18, 921-928.
  4. [41]41. Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, D. (1995). SF-12: How to score the SF-12 physical and mental health summary scales. (2nd ed.) Boston, MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center.

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Authors
Chambers, C., Chiu, S., Scott, A. N., Tolomiczenko, G., Redelmeier, D. A., Levinson, W., & Hwang, S. W.
Affiliations
  • St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Chambers, Catharine
ORCID
Venue
Community Mental Health Journal
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-02-20
Volume
50
Issue
5
Pages
553-559
ISSN
  • 0010-3853 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2789
DOI
10.1007/s10597-013-9605-7
PMC
PMC3883929
OpenAlex
W2015284311
Cited by
73
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
FWCI
9.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Community Mental Health Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS014129-01, R01 HS014129)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
homeless women, mental health, dependent children, risk factors, social support, physical assault, sexual assault, chronic disease, drug use, victimization, prevalence
MeSH terms
Adult, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Mothers, Ontario, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Child of Impaired Parents, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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