Cited by 306Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesVisual Attention and Saliency Detection

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Phenomenological Characteristics of Attentional Biases Towards Threat: A Critical Review

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Cisler, Josh M., Bacon, Amy K., Williams, Nathan L.·2009·Cognitive Therapy and Research

DOI 10.1007/s10608-007-9161-yPMC PMC2901130

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Abstract

Although research has consistently revealed the presence of a general attentional bias towards threat, empirical and theoretical ambiguity exists in determining whether attentional biases are comprised of facilitated attention to threat, difficulty in disengagement from threat, or both, as well as whether attentional biases reflect automatic or strategic processes. This paper reviews empirical investigations across 4 common assessment tasks: the Stroop (masked and unmasked), dot probe, visual search, and the Posner tasks. Although the review finds inconsistencies both within and between assessment tasks, the evidence suggests that attentional biases towards threat are comprised of each of the phenomenological characteristics addressed in this paper. Contemporary theoretical models of attentional biases in anxiety are summarized and critically reviewed in light of the current evidence. Suggestions for future research are addressed, including a need to investigate the psychometric properties of the assessment tasks, to utilize consistent theoretically driven operationalizations of attentional biases, and to provide a temporal description of the characteristics of attentional biases towards threat.

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Authors: Cisler, J. M., Bacon, A. K., & Williams, N. L.
Affiliations: University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
Corresponding author: Cisler, Josh M.
ORCID: Cisler, Josh M.
Bacon, Amy K.
Venue: Cognitive Therapy and Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2007-08-16
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 221-234
ISSN: 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
1573-2819
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-007-9161-y
PMC: PMC2901130
OpenAlex: W1980139803
Cited by: 306
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 4.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2009-09-02)
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018869)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Keywords: anxiety, attentional capture, Stroop task, dot-probe task, visual search, Posner task, anxiety models

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Phenomenological Characteristics of Attentional Biases Towards Threat: A Critical Review

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