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Shared Variance Among Self-Report and Behavioral Measures of Distress Intolerance
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Distress intolerance may be an important individual difference variable in understanding maladaptive coping responses across diagnostic categories. However, the measurement of distress intolerance remains inconsistent across studies and little evidence for convergent validity among existing measures is available. This study evaluated the overlap among self-report and behavioral measures of distress intolerance in four samples, including an unselected sample, a sample of patients with drug dependence, and two samples of cigarette smokers. Results suggested that the self-report measures were highly correlated, as were the behavioral measures; however, behavioral and self-report measures did not exhibit significant associations with each other. There was some evidence of domain specificity, with anxiety sensitivity demonstrating strong associations with somatic distress intolerance, and a lack of association between behavioral measures that elicit affective distress and those that elicit somatic distress. These findings highlight a potential divergence in the literature relative to the conceptualization of distress intolerance as either sensitivity to distress or as the inability to persist at a task when distressed. Further research is needed to elucidate the conceptualization and measurement of distress intolerance to facilitate future clinical and research applications of this construct.
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“Behavioral DT tasks have been shown to demonstrate some level of domain specificity”
From The Effect of a Brief Mindfulness Training on Distress Tolerance and Stress Reactivity. (2019) · cites this paper as McHugh et al, 2011
In the citing paper
“This potential for divergence between the DTS, BSIM and PASAT-C resonates with the weak associations typically reported in the literature between self-report and behavioral assessments of distress tolerance (McHugh et al., 2011).”
From Investigating the association between parental reflective functioning and distress tolerance in motherhood. (2015) · cites this paper as McHugh et al., 2011
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“…moderately correlated with one another, regardless of type of distress (Marshall-Berenz et al., 2010; McHugh et al., 2011); and self-report and behavioral measures are typically not significantly correlated (Anestis, Tull, Bagge, & Gratz, 2012; Marshall-Berenz et al., 2010; McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialLefevor, G. T., Larsen, E. R., Golightly, R. M., & Landrum, M. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02436-y · Cited by 20
“The relatively smaller effect sizes may reflect the diminished relationship between selfreports of internal psychological states and reports of behaviors (McHugh et al. 2011).”
BackgroundOser, M. L., Trafton, J. A., Lejuez, C. W., & Bonn‐Miller, M. O. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.03.008 · Cited by 16
“, anxiety, frustration) and measurement contexts (i.e., in vivo vs. self-reported perceptions;McHugh& Otto, 2012b; McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationUncovering mental structure through data-driven ontology discoveryPreprint
Eisenberg, I. W., Bissett, P. G., Enkavi, A. Z., Li, J. K., MacKinnon, D. P., Marsch, L. A., & Poldrack, R. A. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/fvqej · Cited by 18
Tonarely, N. A., Kennedy, S., Halliday, E., Sherman, J. A., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-01946-y · Cited by 15
Distress Tolerance as Risk and Maintenance Factor for PTSD: Empirical and Clinical Implications
Vujanovic, A. A., Litz, B. T., & Farris, S. G. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_66-1 · Cited by 15
Gorka, S. M., Liu, H., Klein, D. N., Daughters, S. B., & Shankman, S. A. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.019 · Cited by 15
Self-citationNegative affect mediates the relation between trait urgency and behavioral distress tolerance.
Borges, A. M., Dahne, J., Lim, A. C., & MacPherson, L. (2017) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000267 · Cited by 15
“Because of the potential effect of skill level on the mirror-tracing persistence task, the version of the MTPT-C used in the present study used a titrating procedure to control for differences in performance (McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialContextual Influences on Distress Intolerance: Priming Effects on Behavioral Persistence
Szuhany, K. L., & Otto, M. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9672-x · Cited by 14
“Other studies have identified similar divergence between self-report and behavioral measures of DI, particularly for this task (McHugh et al. 2011).”
ResultSelf-citationDevelopment and validation of a contextual behavioral distress intolerance task in cigarette smokers
Farris, S. G., DiBello, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.020 · Cited by 14
“Notably, the convergent validity of self-repot and behavioral indices of DI is typically low (McHugh et al., 2011) and DI (especially behavioral indices) can be influenced by contextual factors (e.g., Szuhany & Otto, 2015) including acute nicotine deprivation (Bernstein, Trafton, Ilgen, &…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNorberg, M. M., Beath, A., Kerin, F. J., Martyn, C., Baldwin, P. A., & Grisham, J. R. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.05.010 · Cited by 14
Edwards, E. R., Liu, Y., Ruiz, D., Brosowsky, N. P., & Wupperman, P. (2020) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-020-00379-8 · Cited by 16
Sandel, D. B., Pearlstein, J. G., Swerdlow, B. A., & Johnson, S. L. (2022) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001152 · Cited by 17
Hsu, T., Thomas, E. B. K., Welch, E., O’Hara, M. W., & McCabe, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.02.001 · Cited by 15
Can clinical psychology students benefit from brief and intensive mindfulness training?
Schanche, E., Vøllestad, J., Binder, P. E., Osnes, B., Visted, E., Svendsen, J. L., & Sørensen, L. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12273 · Cited by 13
Johnson, K. A., Berenz, E. C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9410-y · Cited by 12
Race as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Distress Tolerance and Cigarette Smoking
Dahne, J., Stratton, K. J., Brown, R. C., Amstadter, A., Lejuez, C., & MacPherson, L. (2013) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.863346 · Cited by 11
“We selected a behavioral measure of DT in order to evaluate DT in an ecologically valid manner and limit social desirability bias (McHugh et al., 2011).”
MethodSelf-citationMultimodal Examination of Distress Tolerance and Suicidality in Acute-Care Psychiatric Inpatients
Vujanovic, A. A., Berenz, E. C., & Bakhshaie, J. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.059416 · Cited by 12
“Self-report measures correlate with one another (Bernstein, Zvolensky, Vujanovic, & Moos, 2009; McHugh et al., 2011; McHugh & Otto, 2012); and behavioral measures tend to correlate moderately, regardless of the type of distress measured (Marshall-Berenz et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialRusso, J. E., Dhruve, D. M., & Oliveros, A. D. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-023-01048-x · Cited by 14
Tull, M. T., Edmonds, K. A., Forbes, C. N., Richmond, J. R., Rose, J. P., Anestis, M. D., & Gratz, K. L. (2020) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2020.1741632 · Cited by 12
Conway, C., Penrod, M. T., Pugsley, G. M., Larrazabal, M. A., & Snyder, C. E. (2018) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_359 · Cited by 9
Ameral, V. E., Bishop, L. S., & Reed, K. M. P. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.08.004 · Cited by 9
The Emotional Dysregulation Questionnaire: Development and comparative analysis
Gill, D. J., Warburton, W., Sweller, N., Beath, K., & Humburg, P. (2020) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12283 · Cited by 12
Tonarely, N. A., Hirlemann, A., Shaw, A. M., LoCurto, J., Souer, H. R., Ginsburg, G. S., Jensen‐Doss, A., & Ehrenreich, J. T. (2020) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09830-7 · Cited by 10
“In adult samples, the DTS has demonstrated good internal consistency (McHugh et al. 2011; Simons and Gaher 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHartmann, S. A., & McLeish, A. C. (2020) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2020.1828671 · Cited by 11
Distress Tolerance as Risk and Maintenance Factor for PTSD: Empirical and Clinical Implications
Vujanovic, A. A., Litz, B. T., & Farris, S. G. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_66 · Cited by 17
“Given present work suggesting significant discrepancies between self-report and behavioral measures (Leyro et al. 2010; McHugh et al. 2011), this should be an important point of distinction in future work.”
Otto, M. W., Rosenfield, D., Gorlin, E. I., Hoyt, D. L., Patten, E. A., Bickel, W. K., Zvolensky, M. J., & Doan, S. N. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106262 · Cited by 10
Self-citationStressful Life Events Are Related to More Negative Interpretations, but Not Under Acute Stress
Bélanger, K., & Blanchette, I. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941211014150 · Cited by 9
“It has often been used to induce experimental stress (Lejuez et al., 2003; McHugh et al., 2011; Winward et al., 2014).”
BackgroundState, but not trait, measures of persistence are related to negative affect.
Steinberg, M., & Williams, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2013.74.584 · Cited by 10
“Although Bernstein et al. (2011) and McHugh et al. (2011) reported a similar association between self-report and behavioral measures of distress tolerance, they did not specifi cally conceptualize these as state versus trait differences.”
ResultThe Nomological Network of a Behavioral Distress Tolerance Task in Veterans
Brown, R. C., Overstreet, C., Sheerin, C. M., Berenz, E. C., Hawn, S. E., Pickett, T., McDonald, S., Danielson, C., & Amstadter, A. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22349 · Cited by 9
“While this association is expected from a theoretical perspective, previous research has failed to find significant multimethod correlations (Anestis et al., 2012; Marshall‐Berenz et al., 2010; McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultA network conceptualization of the multiple facets of distress tolerance
Evanovich, E. K., Marshall, A. J., David, S. J., & Mumma, G. H. (2019) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2019.1641799 · Cited by 10
“Distress tolerance (DT) can be defined as the perceived capacity and behavioral act of withstanding aversive affective, cognitive, or physical internal and external states (Bernstein & Brantz, 2012; Leyro, Zvolensky, & Bernstein, 2010; McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSex Moderates Associations Between Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation and Problematic Cannabis Use
Cavalli, J. M., & Cservenka, A. (2023) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2023.2210552 · Cited by 8
“Emotion dysregulation was assessed via self-report, which may be influenced by the participants’ ability or willingness to accurately report on their emotional responses (McHugh et al. 2011).”
Predictors of breath-holding duration among treatment-seeking tobacco users
Hogan, J., Farris, S. G., Brandt, C. P., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2014.884176 · Cited by 8
“For example, McHugh et al. (2011) have examined shared variance among self-report and behavioral measures of distress intolerance, finding that the majority of self-report measures tend to correlated with one another, while the majority of behavioral measures also correlate with one another;…”
BackgroundLiu, R. T., Burke, T. A., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2017) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0363-9 · Cited by 8
“In accounting for this pattern of findings, several researchers have suggested that self-report and behavioral measures may, in some measure, reflect different aspects of the same underlying construct (Amstadter et al., 2012; Cyders & Coskunpinar, 2011; Lobbestael, Arntz, & Wiers, 2008; McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundAssociations Between Past-Month Pain and Distress Intolerance Among Daily Cigarette Smokers
LaRowe, L. R., Farris, S. G., Zvolensky, M. J., & Ditre, J. W. (2018) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2018.79.781 · Cited by 8
“…in outcomes is broadly consistent with evidence that selfreport and behavioral measures of DI are often not highly correlated with one another, which may be because these measures tap different aspects of DI (e.g., perceived vs. demonstrated distress tolerance; e.g., McHugh et al., 2011).”
ResultMchugh, R. (2019) · The Clinician's Guide to Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment and Assessment · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813495-5.00002-4 · Cited by 5
Self-citationMathew, A. R., & Zhou, M. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106124 · Cited by 8
“, 2009), we provided an additional $5 in compensation for those participants whose total latency time (summed over each of the four tasks) exceeded a “target score” based on the sum of average latency times for each task (12 minutes) published in previous studies (MacPherson, Stipelman, Duplinsky, Brown, & Lejuez, 200…”
BackgroundResultTonarely, N. A., Sherman, J. A., Grossman, R. A., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2021) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2020.1805821 · Cited by 7
“In adult and youth samples, the DTS has demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α =.82) and good test-retest reliability over a 6-month interval (r = .61; McHugh et al., 2011; Simons & Gaher, 2005; Tonarely & Ehrenreich-May, 2019).”
BackgroundNaifeh, J. A., Nock, M. K., Dempsey, C. L., Georg, M. W., Aliaga, P. A., Dinh, H. M., Fullerton, C. S., Mash, H. B. H., Kao, T., Sampson, N. A., et al. (2021) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12821 · Cited by 8
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Distress Intolerance Index for Youth
Keller, A. E., Langer, D. A., Pincus, D. B., Elkins, R. M., Kerns, C. E., & Comer, J. S. (2018) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-018-9711-5 · Cited by 7
Multi-method assessment of distress tolerance and smoking-related factors among adult daily smokers.
Mathew, A. R., Heckman, B. W., Froeliger, B., Saladin, M. E., Brown, R. A., Hitsman, B. L., & Carpenter, M. J. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000238 · Cited by 8
“Consistent with prior studies (Kiselica et al., 2015; McHugh et al., 2011; Sirota et al., 2013), measures were weakly correlated across assessment method (rs ranged from .19 to .15), indicating that behavioral and self-report indices assess distinct facets of DT.”
InfluentialDistress Tolerance as a Familial Vulnerability for Distress-Misery Disorders
Macatee, R. J., Correa, K. A., Carrillo, V. L., Berenz, E. C., & Shankman, S. A. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.008 · Cited by 7
“Behavioral and self-report measures of DT are not typically correlated (e.g., Kiselica et al., 2015; McHugh et al., 2011), suggesting that they are assessing largely distinct constructs.”
BackgroundSpann, C. A., Yu, A., Galla, B. M., Duckworth, A. L., & D’Mello, S. K. (2020) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101870 · Cited by 8
Commentary on the Distress Tolerance Special Issue
Lejuez, C., Banducci, A. N., & Long, K. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9527-2 · Cited by 9
“2011), self-report and behavioral measures rarely correlate with each other (McHugh et al. 2011).”
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Self-citationSexual Attraction and Psychological Adjustment in Dutch Adolescents: Coping Style as a Mediator
Bos, H., van Beusekom, G., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2014) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0308-0 · Cited by 6
“As a consequence, the effect sizes of the association between passive reaction and the mental health variablesmightbelarger thanwhendifferent informantswereusedfor assessing these variables (e.g., McHugh et al., 2011).”
McGrew, S. J., Ennis, C. R., Vujanovic, A. A., Franklin, C. L., & Raines, A. M. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000516 · Cited by 6
Assessing distress tolerance using a modified version of the Emotional Image Tolerance task
Slabbert, A., Hasking, P. A., Notebaert, L., & Boyes, M. E. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/20438087211007597 · Cited by 5
Stress and the interpretation of ambiguous faces in police officers
Bélanger, K., & Blanchette, I. (2022) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2021.2014330 · Cited by 5
Anxiety sensitivity and panic symptoms: the moderating influence of distress tolerance
Geyer, R. B., Magee, J. C., & Clerkin, E. M. (2022) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2022.2146102 · Cited by 6
Rung, J. M., Johnson, P. S., & Madden, G. J. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000198 · Cited by 5
“Because behavioral and self-reported forms of distress tolerance do not correlate (McHugh et al., 2011), participants completed both a self-report and behavioral measure of distress tolerance.”
Cingulum and abnormal psychological stress response in schizophrenia
Wisner, K., Chiappelli, J., Savransky, A., Fisseha, F., Rowland, L. M., Kochunov, P., & Hong, L. E. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00120-9 · Cited by 5
“2003), previously used to measure DI (McHugh et al. 2011).”
Escala de Tolerancia al Distrés: Propiedades Psicométricas en Estudiantes Universitarios Argentinos
del Valle, M. V., Andrés, M. L., & Urquijo, S. (2020) · Acta de Investigación Psicológica · doi:10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2020.3.359 · Cited by 7
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“Another limitation arises from the fact that distress intolerance was measured by self-report only, whereas there is empirical evidence that self-report and observation measure different phenomena.(39,40) To our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the effects of regeneration therapy and resistance trainin…”
BackgroundMcKenzie, S. H., Jayasinghe, U. W., Fanaian, M., Passey, M. E., & Harris, M. (2013) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-190 · Cited by 5
“The reasons for this is unclear but it may be that not being able to fulfill a desire, in this case to work, is the underlying reason for the association rather than the socio-economic factors [34].”
BackgroundEmpirical evidence of the role of executive functions in tolerance of emotional distress
del Valle, M. V., Zamora, E. V., Urquijo, S., Vernucci, S., Andrés, M. L., & Juric, L. C. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2024.2408770 · Cited by 4
“Much remains to be done in the literature on distress tolerance, and one of the most important questions that remains is how to assess it in a valid and reliable manner (Ameral et al., 2014; McHugh et al., 2011).”
Screening social anxiety with the Social Artificial Intelligence Picture System
Ju, Q., Xu, Z., Chen, Z., Fan, J., Zhang, H., & Peng, Y. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102955 · Cited by 4
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Self-citationDie deutsche Übersetzung der Distress-Intoleranz-Skala
Otto, J., & Linden, M. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000494763 · Cited by 4
“Die Differenz wird dann als Ausmaß der Distress-Toleranz gedeutet [siehe auch McHugh et al., 2011].”
BackgroundMothers’ Tolerance of Own and Child Distress: Associations with Discipline Practices
Vecchio, T. D., Pochtar, R., & Jablonka, O. (2019) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2019.1642685 · Cited by 4
“Self-report and behavioral measures of distress tolerance are not strongly correlated across methods (McHugh et al., 2011).”
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Investigating the latent structure of distress intolerance
Stevens, K. T., Kertz, S. J., Björgvinsson, Þ., & McHugh, R. K. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.036 · Cited by 4
Self-citation이지영, & 정지현 (2016) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2016.21.4.003 · Cited by 5
Augur, I. F., Wolkowicz, N. R., & Ham, L. S. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111034 · Cited by 5
Taghian, N. R., Parsons, E. M., Fitzgerald, H. E., Zvolensky, M. J., Gorlin, E. I., Doan, S. N., & Otto, M. W. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10510-z · Cited by 3
Self-citationJenkins, K. C., Khazem, L. R., Toleson, S., Kreutzer, K. A., Bryan, C. J., Jimmy, J., & Gorka, S. M. (2025) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.111949 · Cited by 3
Self-citationLape, E. C., LaRowe, L. R., Zale, E. L., Gellis, L. A., Park, A., & Ditre, J. W. (2021) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000440 · Cited by 3
Validity of the distress tolerance inventory in predicting response to the Cold-Pressor Test
Siegel, E., Cassidy, G. P., & Telch, M. J. (2024) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2024.2333963 · Cited by 3
“However the DTS has fared poorly in predicting behavioral persistence while performing aversive tasks such as the PASAT (McHugh et al., 2011), MTPT (McHugh et al., 2011), or Breath Holding Task (Bernstein et al., 2011)—a central facet of the distress tolerance construct (Kiselica et al., 2015).”
InfluentialVaughn, J. M., Rojas-Flores, L., & Wang, K. T. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02654-5 · Cited by 2
“In addition, use of a single source self-report (i.e., parent/caregiver) can in fl ate or de fl ate the associations between study variables due to shared-methods variance (McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundAnestis, J. C., Harrop, T. M., Preston, O. C., Bulla, B. A., & Rodriguez, T. R. (2021) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2021.1905653 · Cited by 2
“Growing research demonstrates that behavioral tasks and self-report measures of distress tolerance are subject to the “jingle” fallacy (Kelley, 1927; Thorndike, 1904), wherein these identically-labelled constructs actually represent different constructs (e.g., Ameral et al., 2014; Kiselica et al., 2015; McHugh et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodRappaport, L. M., Berenz, E. C., Lejuez, C. W., & Roberson‐Nay, R. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108140416.009 · Cited by 3
Self-citationMcIntosh, R. C., Hoshi, R. A., Nomi, J. S., Goodman, Z., Kornfeld, S., & Vidot, D. C. (2023) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112274 · Cited by 2
Distress Tolerance and Mental Health Problems among University Students
Anwar, N., Shahzadi, M., Shahzadi, M., Khanum, S., & Imtiaz, M. (2024) · Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i03.1336 · Cited by 2
Broos, H. C., Milgram, L., Port, J. H., & Timpano, K. R. (2025) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-025-10202-2 · Cited by 2
“In addition, self-report measures of distress intolerance exhibit surprisingly low associations with behavioral assessments (Hsu et al., 2023; McHugh et al., 2011), likely due to a combination of method variance and the distinction between perceived and actual ability to tolerate distress.”
Byllesby, B. M., Charak, R., Cano-González, I., & Christ, N. M. (2025) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-025-10226-8 · Cited by 2
Dolan, S. L. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment · doi:10.4172/2324-8947.1000123 · Cited by 2
“Past research has examined the relationship between depressive symptoms, negative affect, and DT [20-24], as well as PTSD and DT [14,18].”
BackgroundDistress Intolerance and Cannabis Use: An Initial Empirical Investigation
Hogan, J. (2015) · ScholarWorks -A service of University of Vermont Libraries (University of Vermont) · Cited by 2
정지현, & Kwon, S. (2015) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2015.34.1.011 · Cited by 2
Elevated integration within the reward network underlies vulnerability to distress
Kozak, S., Dezachyo, O., Stanford, W., Bar‐Haim, Y., Censor, N., & Dayan, E. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac460 · Cited by 2
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: Where Do the Emotional Differences Lie?
Wolven, K. E. (2015) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) · Cited by 2
Distress Intolerance Is Associated With a Greater Reward Positivity to Aversive Avoidance Feedback
Albanese, B. J., Porro, D., Johnson, D. H., Clausen, B. K., Vujanovic, A. A., & Macatee, R. J. (2026) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70236 · Cited by 1
Türkçapar, A. F., Öznas, S., & Boysan, M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04010-0 · Cited by 1
“1 3 deteriorate emotional regulation through avoidance reactions to emotional and somatic experiences (McHugh et al., 2011) which may be associated with greater levels of anxiety in the face of physical discomfort.”
BackgroundRastegar, P. J., Zendels, P. M., & Peterman, A. H. (2024) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-024-02149-z · Cited by 1
“Lastly, since our measures are all self-report, we may have higher correlations due to shared variance [74].”
김혜원, & Lee, J. (2016) · The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling · doi:10.35151/kyci.2016.24.1.009 · Cited by 1
Oglesby, M. E., Short, N. A., Albanese, B. J., Portero, A. K., & Schmidt, N. B. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.10.001 · Cited by 1
Assessment of the General Response Style: A Cross-Cultural Validation
He, J., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2019) · Acta de Investigación Psicológica · doi:10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2019.3.320 · Cited by 1
Distress Driven Impulsivity as a Risk Factor and Treatment Target for Substance Use Disorder
Malouf, E. T. (2013) · doi:10.13021/mars/5475 · Cited by 1
Thomas, K. (2018) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · doi:10.71889/5fylantbak.29862911 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Behavioral Distress Tolerance Task Stability Across Settings
Overstreet, C. M. (2015) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/qtgt-mf81
“…the same intended construct as self-report assessments of DT. Previous research has noted significant relationships among self-report measures of DT and among behavioral measures of DT, but not between the two modalities (Anestis et al., 2012; Marshall-Berenz, et al., 2010; McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundWeon, K. H., & Yon, L. J. (2018) · Journal of Education & Culture · doi:10.24159/joec.2018.24.5.425
Does Emotional Distress Tolerance Predict Fear Responding in a Heights-Fearful Sample?
Billingsley, A. (2019) · doi:10.33915/etd.7449
“…a review of the existing literature has shown that self-report measures of EDT and biobehavioral measures of other dimensions of distress tolerance are often not significantly related to one another, indicating that current measurement of EDT is limited to self-report (McHugh et al., 2011).”
BackgroundEvaluating the construct validity of distress tolerance: A multi-wave study
Evanovich, E. K. (2017) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)
Chamberlain, S. R. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.735836383.793567745
The Relationship between Emotion Regulation and Substance Use Treatment Attrition
Roys, M. R. (2021) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.5601
Mayeli, P., Yousefi, S., & Ashouri, A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3298893/v1 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- McHugh, R. K., Daughters, S. B., Lejuez, C. W., Murray, H. W., Hearon, B. A., Gorka, S. M., & Otto, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- McHugh, R. Kathryn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2010-02-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 266-275
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- PMC
- PMC3721199
- OpenAlex
- W2073155588
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 18.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA022974, R01DA015375, R21DA022741)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- distress intolerance, convergent validity, self-report measures, behavioral measures, anxiety sensitivity, drug addiction, cigarette smokers, individual differences, coping
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