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Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium
Open accessAbstract
To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies of the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium were combined in a random effects meta-analysis stratified by 5-year age intervals and gender. Participants were excluded if they were identified as having had cataract surgery, retinal detachment, refractive surgery or other factors that might influence refraction. Estimates of refractive error prevalence were obtained including the following classifications: myopia ≤-0.75 diopters (D), high myopia ≤-6D, hyperopia ≥1D and astigmatism ≥1D. Meta-analysis of refractive error was performed for 61,946 individuals from fifteen studies with median age ranging from 44 to 81 and minimal ethnic variation (98 % European ancestry). The age-standardised prevalences (using the 2010 European Standard Population, limited to those ≥25 and <90 years old) were: myopia 30.6 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 30.4-30.9], high myopia 2.7 % (95 % CI 2.69-2.73), hyperopia 25.2 % (95 % CI 25.0-25.4) and astigmatism 23.9 % (95 % CI 23.7-24.1). Age-specific estimates revealed a high prevalence of myopia in younger participants [47.2 % (CI 41.8-52.5) in 25-29 years-olds]. Refractive error affects just over a half of European adults. The greatest burden of refractive error is due to myopia, with high prevalence rates in young adults. Using the 2010 European population estimates, we estimate there are 227.2 million people with myopia across Europe.
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ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis
Wickham, H. (2009) · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-98141-3 · Cited by 14,447
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Axial length growth and the risk of developing myopia in European children
Tideman, J. W. L., Polling, J. R., Vingerling, J. R., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Williams, C., Guggenheim, J. A., & Klaver, C. C. W. (2018) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.13603 · Cited by 348
Self-citationEducation and myopia: assessing the direction of causality by mendelian randomisation
Mountjoy, E., Davies, N. M., Plotnikov, D., Smith, G. D., Rodriguez, S., Williams, C. E., Guggenheim, J. A., & Atan, D. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k2022 · Cited by 299
Accuracy and Utility of Self-report of Refractive Error
Cumberland, P. M., Chianca, A., Rahi, J. S., & for the UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium (2016) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1275 · Cited by 34
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Metadata
- Authors
- Williams, K. M., Verhoeven, V. J. M., Cumberland, P., Bertelsen, G., Wolfram, C., Buitendijk, G. H. S., Hofman, A., van Duijn, C. M., Vingerling, J. R., Kuijpers, R. W. A. M., Höhn, R., Mirshahi, A., Khawaja, A. P., Luben, R. N., Erke, M. G., von Hanno, T., Mahroo, O., Hogg, R., Gieger, C., Cougnard-Grégoire, A., Anastasopoulos, E., Bron, A., Dartigues, J.-F., Korobelnik, J.-F., Creuzot-Garcher, C., Topouzis, F., Delcourt, C., Rahi, J., Meitinger, T., Fletcher, A., Foster, P. J., Pfeiffer, N., Klaver, C. C. W., & Hammond, C. J.
- Venue
- European Journal of Epidemiology
- Published
- 2015-03-18
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 305-315
- ISSN
- 0393-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7284
- OpenAlex
- W2165576114
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 26.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Williams, K. M., Verhoeven, V. J. M., Cumberland, P., Bertelsen, G., Wolfram, C., Buitendijk, G. H. S., Hofman, A., van Duijn, C. M., Vingerling, J. R., Kuijpers, R. W. A. M., Höhn, R., Mirshahi, A., Khawaja, A. P., Luben, R. N., Erke, M. G., von Hanno, T., Mahroo, O., Hogg, R., Gieger, C., . . . Hammond, C. J. (2015). Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium. European Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0010-0
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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