The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Globally, battle deaths have declined since 1945 and the number of interstate conflicts has decreased since 1990 while the peak of interstate conflicts with more than 1000 battle deaths per year was in the 1970s with a rapid decline thereafter.”
From The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
The world report on violence and health
Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11133-0 · Cited by 9,110 · cited 1×
“Some recent work has discussed or estimated the long-term public health consequences of war ( Krug et al., 2002; Murray et al., 2002; Black et al., 2003; Ghobarah et al., 2003).”
BackgroundEthnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
FEARON, J. D., & LAITIN, D. D. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000534 · Cited by 7,366
Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset
GLEDITSCH, N. P., WALLENSTEEN, P., ERIKSSON, M., SOLLENBERG, M., & STRAND, H. (2002) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343302039005007 · Cited by 3,846
Self-citationWhere and why are 10 million children dying every year?
Black, R. E., Morris, S. S., & Bryce, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13779-8 · Cited by 2,461
Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy: (504012013-001)
Collier, P., Elliot, V. L., Hegre, H., Hoeffler, A., Reynal-Querol, M., & Sambanis, N. (2003) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e504012013-001 · Cited by 2,431
Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War, 1816–1992
Hegre, H. (2001) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055401000119 · Cited by 1,604
World Report on Violence and Health, World Health Organization
Eg, K. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,356
Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, by Michael Walzer
O’Brien, W. V. (1979) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2150196 · Cited by 1,218
El informe mundial sobre la violencia y la salud.
Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002) · Biomédica · doi:10.7705/biomedica.v22isupp2.1182 · Cited by 1,058
Harff, B. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000522 · Cited by 857
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- P. Ball, 1999, State Violence in Guatemala, 1960
- P. Brogan, 1998, World Conflicts
- Centre for Human Security, 2004. Deadly connections: the war/disease nexus workshop Report, Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, http://www.humansecuritycentre.org/Deadly%20Connections%20Meeting%20Report.doc
- J. Dunlop, 2000, Central Asian Survey, 19, 329
- Kalyvas, S., 2004. Techniques of violence in Greece and Vietnam. Unpublished paper presented at the Workshop on Techniques of Violence in Civil War, Centre for the Study of Civil War, PRIO, Oslo, 20–21 August
- P. R. Keefe, 2004, The New York Review of Books, LI, 48
- M. Leitenberg, 2003, Death in Wars and Conflicts Between 1945 and 2000
- Mack, A. (ed.), 2005. Human Security Report. New York: Oxford University Press, two volumes, in press
- L. Roberts, 2000, Mortality in Eastern DRC: Results from Five Mortality Surveys
- M. Sliwinski, 1989, Orbis, 33, 39
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–783 of 783
Roessler, P. G. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316809877.002
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.003.0006
Cassar, A., Grosjean, P. A., & Whitt, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2_571
Cassar, A., Grosjean, P. A., & Whitt, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_571-1
External Interventions and Civil Wars: Why Focus on Non-State Actors?
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.003.0001
Health, healthcare and development
Szirmai, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107054158.007
Söderström, J. (2020) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781526144904.00013
Olson, R., & Tarran, B. (2015) · Significance · doi:10.1111/j.1740-9713.2015.00860.x
Gleditsch, N. P. (2015) · SpringerBriefs on pioneers in science and practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03820-9_2
Self-citationGrowth and stagnation: theories and experiences
Szirmai, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107054158.004
Lee, B. X. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119240716.ch1
Local Competition and PMSCs’ Behavior in Civil Wars
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.003.0003
Children with Disability and Education Accessibility in Western Uganda
Godwin, T. (2022) · Scholars Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.36347/sjahss.2022.v10i07.007
What Restrains Military from Targeting Civilians in Civil Wars?
Kirisci, M., & Kocaman, I. (2022) · Civil Wars · doi:10.1080/13698249.2022.2139093
Measuring violence in war-torn countries: A political challenge for development, peace and security
de Montclos, M.-A. P. (2023) · Statistical Journal of the IAOS · doi:10.3233/sji-220119
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.002.0007
Understanding the utility of force to protect civilians from violence
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.003.0002
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.002.0003
Increasing the utility of force to protect
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.003.0008
Analyzing empirical patterns of UN military protection operations
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.003.0004
Protecting Civilians from the M23
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.003.0006
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.005.0001
Discovering causal pathways to successful protection outcomes
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.003.0005
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.003.0007
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.002.0008
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.002.0006
Exploring characteristics and outcomes of UN military protection operations
Kjeksrud, S. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192857101.003.0003
Fluid Frontiers and Forever War I
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0005
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.002.0003
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0008
Systemic Wars and the Evolution of Territorial Orders
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0007
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0004
Fluid Frontiers and Forever War II
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0006
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.002.0004
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0001
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0003
Territory, War, and the “Territorial Trap”
Kadercan, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686690.003.0002
Delegating WarPreprint
Iacobelli, G. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4600270
Keeton, R. (2020) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2020.18.5198
(2023) · The Journal of Economics and Politics · doi:10.59604/1046-2309.1106
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.002.0003
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.002.0006
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.002.0009
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.002.0008
Akcinaroglu, S., & Radziszewski, E. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520802.002.0004
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.002.0003
Within-Group Territorial Variation
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.003.0006
Asymmetry, Territorial Control, and Rebel Tactics
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.003.0004
Terrorism as Underground Political Violence
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.003.0003
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.003.0002
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.002.0004
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.003.0007
Variations on Territorial Control
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.003.0005
la Calle, L. D., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198904816.003.0001
Personalism and Negotiation during Civil Conflicts
Cao, R. (2024) · Journal of Global Security Studies · doi:10.1093/jogss/ogae024
Demographic Consequences of Major Wars
Fisunoğlu, A. (2024) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629.2024.2400098
Why Do Civil War Successor Parties Renounce Violence?
Ishiyama, J. (2024) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/732958
Breaking through the ethnic growth trap
Jha, S. (2025) · Economic Policy · doi:10.1093/epolic/eiaf008
Multiparty Mediation Networks and Civil War Mediation Outcomes
Akbulut‐Gok, I. (2025) · Civil Wars · doi:10.1080/13698249.2025.2544256
Risking War: Regime Crises, Political Exclusion and Indiscriminate Violence in Africa
Roessler, P. G. (2007) · University Libraries (University of Maryland)
Suzuki, S. (2013) · Human Biology
The End of Civilizations: The Role of Religion in the Evolution of Subnational Conflict, 1946-2007
Yeisley, M. O. (2010) · DukeSpace (Duke University)
Цветковски, С. (2025) · Годишен зборник на Филозофскиот факултет/The Annual of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje · doi:10.37510/godzbo25781409c
Politiques envers les populations LGBT dans les contextes de post-conflit
Dutra, G. M. (2025) · Populations vulnérables · doi:10.4000/15gzu
Alburez‐Gutierrez, D. (2026) · Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos · doi:10.24201/edu.v41.e2495
Cassar, A., Grosjean, P. A., & Whitt, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76422-6_571
Crisis at Home, Exit Abroad: Coups, Civil Wars, and Coalition Defection
Mehrabi, W. (2025) · Foreign Policy Analysis · doi:10.1093/fpa/oraf044
Introduction to the Third Edition
Speller, I. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009724524.002
Culture, Economic Shocks and Conflict: Does Trust Moderate the Effect of Price Shocks on Conflict?*
Bose, G., Choi, M., & Yousaf, H. (2021) · Economic Record · doi:10.1111/1475-4932.70048 · Cited by 1
Thu, H., Tin, K. K., & Htoo, A. T. (2026) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2026-024615
Rebel Rocks: Natural Resource Extractability and Conflict in Colombia
Boyes, C., & Heitler, L. (2026) · Civil Wars · doi:10.1080/13698249.2026.2718658 · Cited by 1
33Chapter 2 Structural Violence—Research Tool or Slogan?
Gleditsch, N. P. (2026) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111519975-004
Self-citationChechnya’s Secessionism: Historical Development and Contemporary Status
Shah, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68846-6_248-1
Health impacts of US international economic sanctions: a scoping review
Korenstein, D. R., Schou, C., Lum, E. N., Mesgun, M., Frost, H., Pouradib, N., & Keyhani, S. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-123343
Sleeping with the Enemy, or Putting the Enemy to Sleep? A Theory of Insurgency-State Interaction
Rangel, A. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2227241
PEOPLE ARE SUFFERING: NONCOMBATANT MOBILIZATION FOR PEACE IN AFRICA
Amisi, B. K. (2014) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)
Conflict, Military Aid & Commodity Values An empirical study on the Colombian civil war
Khan, N. S. (2015) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Metadata
- Authors
- Lacina, B., & Gleditsch, N. P.
- Affiliations
- Peace Research Institute Oslo (NO)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Lacina, Bethany
- Venue
- European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 145-166
- ISSN
- 0168-6577 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9885
- OpenAlex
- W1966690268
- Cited by
- 784
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 57.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Conflict Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones
- Keywords
- death in battle, death in war, armed conflict, civil war, interstate conflict, displacement, human cost of war
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review