The DOI matches its Crossref record; 163 of the 163 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Thinking in Pictures as a Cognitive Account of Autism
Abstract
We analyze the hypothesis that some individuals on the autism spectrum may use visual mental representations and processes to perform certain tasks that typically developing individuals perform verbally. We present a framework for interpreting empirical evidence related to this "Thinking in Pictures" hypothesis and then provide comprehensive reviews of data from several different cognitive tasks, including the n-back task, serial recall, dual task studies, Raven's Progressive Matrices, semantic processing, false belief tasks, visual search, spatial recall, and visual recall. We also discuss the relationships between the Thinking in Pictures hypothesis and other cognitive theories of autism including Mindblindness, Executive Dysfunction, Weak Central Coherence, and Enhanced Perceptual Functioning.
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“autism has sometimes been associated with 'thinking in pictures' [81”
From Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness extremes (2024) · cites this paper as [81]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind” ?
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Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Grandin, T. (2006). Thinking in pictures, expanded edition: My life with autism. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
- Raven, J. C. (1936). Mental tests used in genetic studies: The performances of related individuals in tests mainly eductive and mainly reproductive. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of London, London.
- Raven, J., Raven, J. C., & Court, J. (2003). Manual for Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales, section I: General overview. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology
Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000021 · Cited by 864
“Most notably, Temple Grandin (1995) is known for describing her experience of thought as “thinking in pictures” rather than inner speech (for an elaboration of this idea, see Kunda & Goel, 2010).”
BackgroundWords as social tools: language, sociality and inner grounding in abstract concepts
Borghi, A. M., Barca, L., Binkofski, F., Castelfranchi, C., Pezzulo, G., & Tummolini, L. (2019) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2018.12.001 · Cited by 253
Addressing the Academic Needs of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Secondary Education
Fleury, V. P., Hedges, S. H., Hume, K., Browder, D. M., Thompson, J., Fallin, K., Zein, F. E., Reutebuch, C. K., & Vaughn, S. R. (2014) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/0741932513518823 · Cited by 238
Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness extremes
Zeman, A. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.007 · Cited by 148
Mostert-Kerckhoffs, M. A. L., Staal, W., Houben, R. H., & de Jonge, M. V. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2473-y · Cited by 115
Metadata
- Authors
- Kunda, M., & Goel, A. K.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kunda, Maithilee
- ORCID
- Goel, Ashok K.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2010-11-20
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1157-1177
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W1997532272
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Emory University
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, n-back task, serial recall, dual-task performance, Raven's Progressive Matrices, semantic processing, false belief tasks, visual search, spatial recall, visual recall, mindblindness, executive dysfunction, weak central coherence
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Cognition, Humans, Imagination, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Thinking, Verbal Behavior
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