The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brief Report: Sex/Gender Differences in Symptomology and Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more prevalent in males than females. Previous research indicates females camouflage ASD symptoms more than males, potentially contributing to the difference in prevalence. This study investigated sex/gender differences in behavioral phenotypes in 17 males and 11 females with ASD, as well camouflaging in ASD, in an attempt to partially replicate findings from Lai et al. (Autism 21(6):690-702, 2017). Overall ASD symptoms were measured by the autism spectrum quotient (AQ). Mean AQ in females with ASD was higher than males with ASD, with the difference approaching statistical significance. Camouflaging was found to be more common in females with ASD, and not associated to social phobia. Furthermore, camouflaging correlated negatively with emotional expressivity in females, but not males, with ASD. These findings strengthen previous findings regarding camouflaging being more common in females and add to the literature on how camouflaging may be different in females versus males.
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“Schuck et al. (2019) found no relationship between camouflaging and executive functioning”
From Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Schuck et al., 2019
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In the citing paper
“Emerging quantitative research examining associations between camouflaging and anxiety (e.g. Cage & Troxell-Whitman, 2019; Lai et al., 2017; Schuck et al., 2019) have yielded inconsistent results.”
From Camouflaging in an everyday social context: An interpersonal recall study (2021) · cites this paper as Schuck et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“The two studies investigating what they termed sex/gender differences using the internalexternal discrepancy approach found that autistic women demonstrated higher camouflaging scores than autistic men (Lai et al., 2017;Schuck, et al., 2019).”
From Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Schuck, et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Schuck et al. (2019) found no relationship between camouflaging scores and social anxiety symptoms for either sex/gender.”
From Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Schuck et al., 2019
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Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review
Cook, J., Hull, L., Crane, L., & Mandy, W. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102080 · Cited by 554
Sex and gender impacts on the behavioural presentation and recognition of autism
Lai, M.-C., & Szatmari, P. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000575 · Cited by 237
Autistic Adults' Experiences of Camouflaging and Its Perceived Impact on Mental Health
Bradley, L., Shaw, R., Baron-Cohen, S., & Cassidy, S. (2021) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2020.0071 · Cited by 231
Beck, J. S., Lundwall, R. A., Gabrielsen, T., Cox, J. C., & South, M. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320912147 · Cited by 224
Challenges Surrounding the Diagnosis of Autism in Children
Hus, Y., & Segal, O. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s282569 · Cited by 225
Metadata
- Authors
- Schuck, R. K., Flores, R. E., & Fung, L. K.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fung, Lawrence K.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2019-04-03
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2597-2604
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC6753236
- OpenAlex
- W2929474056
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 10.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH111750)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, sex differences, gender differences, camouflaging, Autism Spectrum Quotient, emotional expressivity, social anxiety disorder, behavioral phenotypes
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Prevalence
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