The Impact of COVID on Early Intervention Parenting Support for Mothers in Recovery from Substance Use Disorder
Open accessAbstract
COVID-19 adversely impacted parents with substance use disorders (SUDs) as evidenced by increased overdoses. This study used a qualitative approach to examine COVID's impact on experiences and perceptions of a parenting program designed for mothers in recovery from SUDs, "Mothering from the Inside Out" (MIO), implemented through Early Intervention (EI) home-visiting services. Four EI programs participated in training and implementation of MIO. Subjects included 10 eligible EI providers trained in August 2019 or August 2021 and 11 mothers in recovery from SUDs. More mothers completed MIO during the pandemic compared to before. We conducted inductive thematic analysis of exit interviews and field notes, along with interpretation of process measures of intervention implementation. Initially, the switch to telehealth negatively impacted the provider-parent relationship but made engagement logistically easier for some mothers. Parent and provider participants reported the need for additional psychosocial support due to increased stressors, as well as ways that MIO helped them cope during the pandemic. COVID made EI enrollment of families more difficult in general; however once enrolled, telehealth improved retention in MIO, meeting a critical need during the pandemic.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The timing of this pilot training during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected acceptability and adoption.
“As noted in previous publications, the timing of this pilot training during the COVID-19 pandemic also may have affected acceptability and adoption (Peacock-Chambers et al., 2024).”
From Home‐based family recovery supports: Feasibility, acceptability, and adoption of training home visitors in “Mothering from the Inside Out” (2025) · cites this paper as Peacock-Chambers et al., 2024
The Results (Theme 3: Challenges to delivering MIO during COVID) describe pandemic-related difficulties completing the MIO training and engaging families, and the Discussion reports mixed responses to telehealth. This supports the possibility that COVID affected the pilot, but the paper does not establish its effect on training acceptability or adoption specifically. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRetention of mothers improved during COVID-19 with the transition to virtual visits.
“Interestingly, retention of mothers improved during COVID-19 with the transition to virtual visits, as we have reported elsewhere (Peacock-Chambers et al., 2024).”
From Home‐based family recovery supports: Feasibility, acceptability, and adoption of training home visitors in “Mothering from the Inside Out” (2025) · cites this paper as Peacock-Chambers et al., 2024
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners
Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Minor, B. L., Elliott, V., Fernandez, M., O'Neal, L., McLeod, L., Delacqua, G., Delacqua, F., Kirby, J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208 · Cited by 24,013 · see citing works
Advancing a Conceptual Model of Evidence-Based Practice Implementation in Public Service Sectors
Aarons, G. A., Hurlburt, M., & Horwitz, S. M. (2011) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0327-7 · Cited by 3,240 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Guided by the EPIS (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment) implementation science framework (Aarons et al., 2011), we sought to understand the local context of SUD treatment services for mothers as well as their engagement in EI (Peacock-Chambers et al., 2020; Peacock-Chambers et…”
Suchman, N. E., Decoste, C., Mcmahon, T. J., Rounsaville, B., & Mayes, L. (2011) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20303 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Suchman, N., Pajulo, M., DeCoste, C., & Mayes, L. (2006) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00371.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 40
- Agazzi H, Hayford H, Thomas N, Dickinson S, Ortiz C, & Salinas-Miranda A (2022). Pandemic parenting: A pilot study of in-person versus internet-DOCS K-5 for caregivers of school-age children with disruptive behaviors. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27(3), 569– 585. 10.1177/13591045221096313. 35485248 · DOI
- AMA. (2022). Issue brief: Nation’s drug-related overdose and death epidemic continues to worsen. American Medical Association. Retrieved July 8 from https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2020-12/issue-brief-increases-in-opioid-related-overdose.pdf.
- Bai Y, Liu X, Zhang B, Fu M, Huang N, Hu Q, & Guo J (2022). Associations of youth mental health, parental psychological distress, and family relationships during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 275 10.1186/s12888-022-03938-8. 35439972 PMC9017072 · DOI
- Bate J, Pham PT, & Borelli JL (2021). Be My Safe Haven: Parent-Child Relationships and Emotional Health During COVID-19. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(6), 624– 634. 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab046. 34283892 PMC8344797 · DOI
- Bruzelius E, & Martins SS (2022). US Trends in Drug Overdose Mortality Among Pregnant and Postpartum Persons, 2017-2020. JAMA, 328(21), 2159– 2161. 10.1001/jama.2022.17045. 36472602 PMC9856503 · DOI · Paper page
- Cheung WC, Aleman-Tovar J, Johnston AN, Little LM, & Burke MM (2023). A Qualitative Study Exploring Parental Perceptions of Telehealth in Early Intervention. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 35(3), 353– 373. 10.1007/s10882-022-09853-w. 35789590 PMC9244129 · DOI
- Cole B, Pickard K, & Stredler-Brown A (2019). Report on the Use of Telehealth in Early Intervention in Colorado: Strengths and Challenges with Telehealth as a Service Delivery Method. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 11(1), 33– 40. 10.5195/ijt.2019.6273. 31341545 PMC6597149 · DOI
- Cole B, Stredler-Brown A, Cohill B, Blaiser K, Behl D, & Ringwalt S (2016). The Development of Statewide Policies and Procedures to Implement Telehealth for Part C Service Delivery. International Journal Telerehabilation, 8(2), 77– 82. 10.5195/ijt.2016.6206. PMC5536732 28775804 · DOI
- Cook A, Bragg J, & Reay RE (2021). Pivot to Telehealth: Narrative Reflections on Circle of Security Parenting Groups during COVID-19. Australian New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 42(1), 106– 114. 10.1002/anzf.1443. 34230766 PMC8251448 · DOI
- Dauber S, John T, Hogue A, Nugent J, & Hernandez G (2017). Development and implementation of a screen-and-refer approach to addressing maternal depression, substance use, and intimate partner violence in home visiting clients. Children and Youth Service Reviews, 81, 157– 167. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.07.021. PMC5729752 29249846 · DOI
- Dozier M. (2022). Introduction of Special Section of Infant Mental Health Journal: Meeting the needs of vulnerable infants and families during COVID-19: Moving to a telehealth approach for home visiting implementation and research. Infant Ment Health Journal, 43(1), 140– 142. 10.1002/imhj.21966. PMC9015403 35007378 · DOI
- Fonagy P, Steele M, Moran G, Steele H, & Higgitt A (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13, 200– 216.
- Lai J, Pham PT, Bate J, Prout TA, Carollo A, Setoh P, Esposito G, & Borelli JL (2022). Being a Parent during COVID-19: Risk for Psychological Distress in the United States and Italy. Social Sciences, 11(4), 173 10.3390/socsci11040173. · DOI
- Lowell AF, Peacock-Chambers E, Zayde A, DeCoste CL, McMahon TJ, & Suchman NE (2021). Mothering from the Inside Out: Addressing the Intersection of Addiction, Adversity, and Attachment with Evidence-Based Parenting Intervention. Current Addict Reports, 1– 11. 10.1007/s40429-021-00389-1. PMC8280593 34306964 · DOI
- Lowell AF, Suchman NE, Byatt N, Feinberg E, Friedmann PD, & Peacock-Chambers E (2023). Parental substance use and home visiting programs: Implementation considerations for relationship-based treatment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 44(2), 166– 183. 10.1002/imhj.22041. 36859776 PMC10050092 · DOI · Paper page
- Molfenter T, Heitkamp T, Murphy AA, Tapscott S, Behlman S, & Cody OJ (2021). Use of telehealth in mental health (MH) services during and after COVID-19. Community Mental Health Journal, 57(7), 1244– 1251. 34165695 PMC8222700
- O’Donnell J, Tanz LJ, Gladden RM, Davis NL, & Bitting J (2021). Trends in and Characteristics of Drug Overdose Deaths Involving Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyls - United States, 2019-2020. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, 70(50), 1740– 1746. 10.15585/mmwr.mm7050e3. PMC8675656 34914673 · DOI
- O’Malley D, Chiang DF, Siedlik EA, Ragon K, Dutcher M, & Templeton O (2021). A Promising Approach in Home Visiting to Support Families Affected by Maternal Substance Use. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 25(1), 42– 53. 10.1007/s10995-020-03015-0. 33245526 PMC7822766 · DOI
- Peacock-Chambers E, Clark MC, Moran M, Lowell A, & Zayde A (2023). A Case Study of Clinical Training: ‘Mothering from the Inside Out’ in a Community Home Visiting Program. Infant Mental Health Journal, 44(2), 184– 199. 36807353 PMC10084677
- Peacock-Chambers E, Feinberg E, Senn-McNally M, Clark MC, Jurkowski B, Suchman NE, Byatt N, & Friedmann PD (2020). Engagement in Early Intervention Services Among Mothers in Recovery From Opioid Use Disorders. Pediatrics, 145(2). 10.1542/peds.2019-1957. PMC6993421 31992649 · DOI · Paper page
- Peacock-Chambers E, Leyenaar JK, Foss S, Feinberg E, Wilson D, Friedmann PD, Visintainer P, & Singh R (2019). Early Intervention Referral and Enrollment Among Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrician. 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000679. PMC7114910 31107767 · DOI · Paper page
- Peacock-Chambers E, Moran M, Clark MC, Borelli JL, Byatt N, Friedmann PD, Suchman NE, & Feinberg E (2023). Adaptation of an evidence-based parenting intervention for integration into maternal-child home-visiting programs: Challenges and solutions. Implement Research Practice, 4. 10.1177/26334895221151029. PMC9924283 36873580 · DOI
- Rhodes H, & Beers N (2022). How are our children doing right now? Contemporary Pediatrics, 39(2), 40– 43.
- Roben CKP, Kipp E, Schein SS, Costello AH, & Dozier M (2022). Transitioning to telehealth due to COVID-19: Maintaining model fidelity in a home visiting program for parents of vulnerable infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 43(1), 173– 184. 10.1002/imhj.21963. 34964152 PMC9015513 · DOI
- Roosa Ordway M, McMahon TJ, De Las Heras Kuhn L, & Suchman NE, (2018). Implementation of an Evidenced-Based Parenting Program in a Community Mental Health Setting. Infant Mental Health Journal, 39(1), 92– 105. 10.1002/imhj.21691. 29283178 PMC6311699 · DOI
- Sanders JS, Pillai RL, Sturley R, Sillau S, Asato MR, Aravamuthan BR, Bonuck K, Cervenka MC, Hammond N, & Siegel JF (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Behavioral Health of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Psychiatric Services, appi. ps. 202100524. 35734865
- Seo JH, & Kim HK (2022). What Is the Burnout of Mothers with Infants and Toddlers during the COVID-19 Pandemic? In Relation to Parenting Stress, Depression, and Parenting Efficacy. International Journal of Environment Research Public Health, 19(7). 10.3390/ijerph19074291. PMC8998167 35409973 · DOI
- St. Pierre RG, & Layzer JI (1999). Using home visits for multiple purposes: the Comprehensive Child Development Program. Future Child, 9(1), 134– 151. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10414014. 10414014
- Suchman NE, Berg A, Abrahams L, Abrahams T, Adams A, Cowley B, DeCoste C, Hawa W, Lachman A, Mpinda B, Cader-Mokoa N, Nama N, & Voges J (2020). Mothering from the Inside Out: Adapting an evidence-based intervention for high-risk mothers in the Western Cape of South Africa. Development Psychopathology, 32(1), 105– 122. 10.1017/S0954579418001451. 30700335 PMC6669108 · DOI · Paper page
- Suchman NE, Borelli JL, & DeCoste CL (2018). Can addiction counselors be trained to deliver Mothering from the Inside Out, a mentalization-based parenting therapy, with fidelity? Results from a community-based randomized efficacy trial. Attachment & Human Development, 1– 20. 10.1080/14616734.2018.1559210 PMC6594915 30585532 · DOI
- Suchman NE, Borelli JL, & DeCoste CL (2020). Can addiction counselors be trained to deliver Mothering from the Inside Out, a mentalization-based parenting therapy, with fidelity? Results from a community-based randomized efficacy trial. Attachment & Human Development, 22(3), 332– 351. 10.1080/14616734.2018.1559210. 30585532 PMC6594915 · DOI
- Suchman NE, DeCoste C, Borelli JL, & McMahon TJ (2018). Does improvement in maternal attachment representations predict greater maternal sensitivity, child attachment security and lower rates of relapse to substance use? A second test of Mothering from the Inside Out treatment mechanisms. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 85, 21– 30. 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.11.006. 29291768 PMC5753433 · DOI
- Suchman NE, DeCoste C, McMahon TJ, Rounsaville B, & Mayes L (2011b). The Mothers and Toddlers Program, an Attachment-Based Parenting Intervention for Substance-Using Women: Results at 6-Week Follow-up in a Randomized Clinical Pilot. Infant Mental Health Journal, 32(4), 427– 449. 10.1002/imhj.20303. 22685361 PMC3370691 · DOI · Paper page
- Suchman NE, DeCoste CL, McMahon TJ, Dalton R, Mayes LC, & Borelli J (2017). Mothering From the Inside Out: Results of a second randomized clinical trial testing a mentalization-based intervention for mothers in addiction treatment. Development and Psychopathology, 29(2), 617– 636. 10.1017/S0954579417000220. 28401850 PMC5407293 · DOI · Paper page
- Suchman NE, Mayes L, Conti J, Slade A, & Rounsaville B (2004). Rethinking parenting interventions for drug-dependent mothers: from behavior management to fostering emotional bonds. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 27(3), 179– 185. 10.1016/j.jsat.2004.06.008. 15501370 · DOI · Paper page
- Suchman NE, Ordway MR, de Las Heras L, & McMahon TJ (2016). Mothering from the Inside Out: results of a pilot study testing a mentalization-based therapy for mothers enrolled in mental health services. Attachment and Human Development, 18(6), 596– 617. 10.1080/14616734.2016.1226371. 27575343 PMC5102065 · DOI
- Vilaseca R, Ferrer F, Rivero M, & Bersabe RM (2021). Early Intervention Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Toward a Model of Family-Centered Practices. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 738463 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738463. 34858273 PMC8631765 · DOI
- Westrupp EM, Bennett C, Berkowitz T, Youssef GJ, Toumbourou JW, Tucker R, Andrews FJ, Evans S, Teague SJ, Karantzas GC, Melvin GM, Olsson C, Macdonald JA, Greenwood CJ, Mikocka-Walus A, Hutchinson D, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Stokes MA, Olive L, & Sciberras E (2021). Child, parent, and family mental health and functioning in Australia during COVID-19: comparison to pre-pandemic data. European Child Adolescence Psychiatry. 10.1007/s00787-021-01861-z. PMC8379590 34417875 · DOI
- White A, Lundahl B, Bryan MA, Okifuji A, Smid M, Gordon AJ, Carlston K, Silipigni J, Abdullah W, Krans EE, Kenney A, & Cochran G (2022). Pregnancy and the Opioid Crisis: Heightened Effects of COVID-19. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 16(1), e2– e4. 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000822. 34282083 PMC8761178 · DOI
- Zayde A, Kilbride A, Kucer A, Willis HA, Nikitiades A, Alpert J, & Gabbay V (2022). Connection During COVID-19: Pilot Study of a Telehealth Group Parenting Intervention. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 75(2), 67– 74. 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20210005. 34525847 PMC9490759 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Peacock‐Chambers, E., Jurkowski, B. L., Kangas, S., DeCoste, C., McMahon, T. J., Borelli, J. L., Feinberg, E., Byatt, N., Zayde, A., Lowell, A. F., et al. (2025) · Infant Mental Health Journal: Infancy and Early Childhood · doi:10.1002/imhj.70019
Self-citation
- Authors
- Peacock-Chambers, E., Pillai, R. L. I., Jurkowski, B. L., Kangas, S., Borelli, J. L., Feinberg, E., Zayde, A., Lowell, A. F., Friedmann, P. D., & Byatt, N.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child and Family Studies
- Published
- 2024-04-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1483-1492
- ISSN
- 1062-1024 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2843
- PMC
- PMC11867595
- OpenAlex
- W4393972544
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Child and Family Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (1KL2TR002545)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (1KL2TR002545)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, substance use disorder recovery, mothers, parenting support, early intervention, home visits, telemedicine, program implementation, retention, psychosocial support, maternal stress, drug overdose
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review