Clinically Significant Trauma Symptoms and Behavioral Problems in a Community-based Sample of Children Exposed to Domestic Violence
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Spilsbury et al. (2007) discovered clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms related to IPV exposure.
“Spilsbury et al. (2007) discovered clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms related to IPV exposure”
From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Spilsbury et al., 2007
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“…to a variety of different negative outcomes among youth, including mental health problems and trauma symptomology (e.g., Finkelhor et al., 2007a, 2007b; Moylan et al., 2010), as well as delinquency and violence (Margolin et al., 2010; Mrug et al., 2008; O’Keefe, 1997; Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
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“As Spilsbury et al. (2007) state: “Collectively, research on gender differences in the externalizing vs. internalizing sequelae of exposure to domestic violence has produced disparate results” (p. 495).”
BackgroundInfluentialFoshee, V. A., Reyes, H. L. M., Chen, M. S., Ennett, S. T., Basile, K. C., DeGue, S. A., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Moracco, K. E., & Bowling, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0404-z · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“2012b) and race/ethnicity (Spilsbury et al. 2007) differences have been found in the effects of domestic violence exposure on adolescents, and sex and race/ethnicity differences have also been found in risk factors for dating violence (Foshee et al.”
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“Children who are exposed are at an increased risk for depression, anxiety, and attachment disorders (Cox et al. 2003; Spilsbury et al. 2007; Ybarra et al. 2007).”
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“For example, Spilsbury et al. (2007) reported that 12 % of children reported clinical levels of PTS symptoms.”
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“This link has been established for many types of victimization (e.g., Aspelmeier, Elliott, & Smith, 2007; Elklit, 2002; Flannery, Wester, & Singer, 2004; Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundFoshee, V. A., Benefield, T., Dixon, K. S., Chang, L., Senkomago, V., Ennett, S. T., Moracco, K. E., & Bowling, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0272-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Early Delinquency
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“Spilsbury et al. (2007) found that children’s dual exposure was associated with clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms, as well as behavior problems.”
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“This is consistent with prior research that has shown that assailants’ use of violence against mothers is associated with negative outcomes for their children (Davies and Cummings 1994; DeBoard-Lucas and Grych 2011; Grych et al. 2000; Knous-Westfall et al. 2012; Spilsbury et al. 2007).”
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“Concerning the association between nighttime traumatic stress and behavioral– cognitive–health outcomes, child gender may influence the frequency of externalizing versus internalizing problem behaviors exhibited by child witnesses of domestic violence, although the specific effect is unclear; some studies find boys mo…”
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“In addition, difficulties in broad internalizing and externalizing domains are generally found (e.g., emotion regulation difficulties, conduct problems; Kennedy, Bybee, Sullivan, & Greeson, 2009; Mrug & Windle, 2010; Russell, Springer, & Greenfield, 2010; Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundGalántai, J., Ligeti, A. S., & Wirth, J. (2019) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-019-00066-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Carter, B., Paranjothy, S., Davies, A. R., & Kemp, A. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020965964 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“This systematic literature review was registered with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews, registration number: CRD42019127012.”
MethodDiab, S. Y., & Schultz, J.-H. (2020) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2020.103211 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hudson, A., Wekerle, C., Goldstein, A. L., Ellenbogen, S., Waechter, R. L., Thompson, K., & Stewart, S. H. (2016) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-016-0125-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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“Because different characteristics of a witnessed violent event affect children’s psychological health differentially (Spilsbury et al., 2007), we wanted to determine whether specific characteristics of a violent event would be associated differentially with objective and subjective measures of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationMekawi, Y., Kuzyk, E., Dixon, H. D., McKenna, B. G., Camacho, L., de Andino, A. M., Stevens, J. S., Michopolous, V., & Powers, A. D. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211000723 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Additionally, compared to the experience of a single trauma, polytraumatization confers risk for deleterious sequelae across multiple domains, including psychological disorders (Cuevas, Finkelhor, Ormrod, & Turner, 2009), physiological dysfunction (Fox, Perez, Cass, Baglivio, & Epps, 2015; Katz, Sprang, & Cooke, 2012)…”
BackgroundClinical Considerations for the Treatment of Latency Age Children in Residential Care
Knoverek, A., Briggs, E., Underwood, L. A., & Hartman, R. L. (2013) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-013-9536-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…abuse) demonstrate poor psychological outcomes that adversely impact development and increase the risk for developing a complex array of problems (Spilsbury et al. 2007; Zerk et al. 2009) including aggressive behavior (Calvete and Orue 2013) psychiatric symptoms (Briere 1996; Heckman and…”
BackgroundIntimate Partner Violence Exposure in Early Childhood: An Ecobiodevelopmental Perspective
Herman-Smith, R. L. (2013) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/hlt018 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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“The impact of living in such a home environment can be particularly detrimental, because children are dependent on their parents for protection, emotional and physical safety, nurturance, and well-being (Holt et al. 2008; Osofsky 2003; Spilsbury et al. 2007).”
BackgroundPaul, O. (2019) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-018-00033-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Therefore, post-traumatic stress in children who are exposed to domestic violence may not involve a single specific event which causes trauma, but rather the interaction of several factors and the chronic nature of the violence (Spilsbury et al. 2007) and the various forms it can take (Fortin 2005).”
BackgroundFarley, T. M., McWey, L. M., & Ledermann, T. (2020) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-020-00140-w · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“2013), and exposure to violence is correlated with higher levels of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms (DuRant et al. 1994; El-Sheikh and Harger 2001; Evans et al. 2008; Flannery et al. 2001; Fantuzzo et al. 1991; Litrownik et al. 2003; Spilsbury et al. 2007).”
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Dumont, A., & Lessard, G. (2019) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-019-00100-z · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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“Taking the example of children’s exposure to domestic violence, in a study exploring the impact of domestic violence on 687 children participating in a community-service program, children who had only one disclosed experience of abuse had a lower risk for dissociation than children who experienced more than one episod…”
BackgroundAn Overview of Child Neglect and Abuse: Types, Causes, Impact and Prevention
Bıçakçı, M. Y., Er, S., & Aral, N. (2016) · Studies on Ethno-Medicine · doi:10.1080/09735070.2016.11905491 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“In this country and in the world at large, millions of children are exposed to one or more forms of domestic neglect or abuse (Spilsbury et al. 2007).”
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“Spilsbury et al. (2007) found that children who face both direct threats and co-victimization show higher rates of trauma symptoms than those who only witness IPV.”
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Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence and the Reported Effects of Psychosocial Interventions
Grip, K. K., Almqvist, K., Axberg, U., & Broberg, A. G. (2013) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00012 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…body of research on the harm that IPV exposure can inflict on children’s mental health and development, including increased trauma symptoms (Spilsbury et al., 2007) as well as emotional, social, and behavioral problems (Chan & Yeung, 2009; Kitzmann, Gaylord, Holt, & Kenny, 2003); negative…”
BackgroundResultExposure to Intimate Partner Violence
Wright, E. M., & Fagan, A. A. (2011) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854811425649 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In contrast, some studies have found that girls exposed to IPV are more likely than boys to experience anger (Sigfusdottir et al., 2004), externalizing symptoms (Cummings, Pepler, & Moore, 1999), and both externalizing and internalizing problems (O’Keefe, 1994; Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTierens, M., Bal, S., Crombez, G., Loeys, T., Antrop, I., & Deboutte, D. (2012) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21692 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Diab, S. Y., Guillaume, M., & Punamäki, R. (2018) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/698730 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Some research shows that childhood trauma negatively affects executive cognitive functions and may interfere with academic achievement (Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundAl‐Eissa, M. A., Saleheen, H. N., & Almuneef, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517696865 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“, seeing bruises or observing maternal depression) as they may be traumatized by the incidents and may also develop behavioral issues (Ganley & Schechter, 1996; Holden, Geffner, & Jouriles, 1998; Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundDim, E. E., & Ogunye, O. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517737555 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…exposed to IPV are at an increased risk of depression, anxiety, attachment disorders, aggressive behavior, noncompliance, and delinquency (Cox, Kotch, & Everson, 2003; Levendosky, Huth-Bocks, Semel, & Shapiro, 2002; Luthra et al., 2009; Spilsbury et al., 2007; Ybarra, Wilkens, & Lieberman, 2007).”
BackgroundDanzi, B. A., Knowles, E. A., & Kelly, J. T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69692-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“First, this study focuses on a single qualifying traumatic experience (exposure to a severe natural disaster) to reduce confounding variability, since trauma type and severity contribute to the largest variance in PTSD symptomatology 3,24 .”
BackgroundJiménez, B. A. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Paul, O., & Zaouche-Gaudron, C. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/cbs0000063 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Trauma and Diverse Child Populations
Harris, T. B., Carlisle, L. L., SARGENT, J. A., & Primm, A. B. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.07.007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Liegghio, M., & Jaswal, P. (2015) · Journal of Social Work Practice · doi:10.1080/02650533.2015.1050654 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“A potential effect or outcome of family-based violence reported extensively in other areas is trauma, traumatisation and trauma-related reactions in children and caregivers (Fantuzzo & Mohr, 1999; Gorde et al., 2004; Silva, 2004; Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundGrip, K. K. (2012) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Predictors of Clinically Significant Sexual Concerns in a Child Welfare Population
Lyons, A. M., Leon, S. C., Zaddach, C. W., Luboyeski, E. J., & Richards, M. H. (2009) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361520802675884 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Domestic violence refers to violence between intimate adult partners that may include physical aggression, verbal threats, and coercive sex ( Spilsbury et al, 2007 ).”
BackgroundLombera, M. A., Lee, A. H., Sharma-Patel, K., & Brown, E. J. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105010 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Children’s Attributions of Community Violence Exposure and Trauma Symptomatology
Collins, K. S., Koeske, G. F., Russell, E. B., & Michalopoulos, L. (2013) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2013.811458 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The clinical effects for children who witness parental violence are similar to those who experience trauma (Silvern & Kaersvang, 1989; Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSymptomatology of Children Exposed to Domestic Violence
Wherry, J. N., Medford, E. A., & Corson, K. (2015) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-015-0048-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Spilsbury et al. (2007) reported that as age increased, symptoms of trauma decreased.”
BackgroundInfluentialEnfants exposés à la violence conjugale : état des lieux des recherches (1995-2018)
Paul, O., Zaouche-Gaudron, C., Fontaine-Benaoum, É., & Lamarque, M. (2019) · Revue québécoise de psychologie · doi:10.7202/1064922ar · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Plusieurs études mettent aussi en évidence que les enfants de sexe féminin sont plus à risque de développer des problèmes de comportement (Becker et McCloskey, 2002; Cummings et al. , 1999; Spilsbury et al. , 2007).”
Counselors and Bikers Collaborate to Empower Abused Children
Sawyer, C. B., & Judd, R. G. (2012) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2012.661243 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Children who felt personally threatened within the context of family violence had significantly greater odds of reaching clinically significant scores for trauma symptoms (Spilsbury et al., 2007).”
BackgroundLES POINTS DE VUE DE PERSONNES EXPOSÉES À LA VIOLENCE CONJUGALE
Dumont, A. (2017) · Canadian social work review · doi:10.7202/1040999ar · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lobo, B. O. M., Brunnet, A. E., Ecker, K., Schaefer, L. S., Arteche, A. X., & Kristensen, C. H. (2015) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-015-0044-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…Sul, Building 11 room 915, 6681 Ipiranga Avenue, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS 90619- 900, Brazil 2 Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil symptoms (Kolko et al. 2010; Nilsson et al. 2012; Spilsbury et al. 2007) and treatment outcome (Cohen et al. 2005, 2012).”
BackgroundKyei, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231179722 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Childhood adversity has been linked to a number of long-term harmful outcomes including cognitive deficits in performance, memory, and executive functioning; morbidity; low quality of life; and mortality (Briere & Runtz, 1988; Brodsky & Stanley, 2008; Cicchetti, 2004; Edwards et al., 2003; Egeland et al., 1983; Felitt…”
Estimating the effects of placement changes on internalizing and externalizing symptoms
Ferraro, A. C., Lepper-Pappan, H., & Connelly, S. E. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108563 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rizkia, A., & Kusristanti, C. (2021) · Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku · doi:10.25077/jip.4.2.104-119.2020 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education at Case Western Reserve University
Flannery, D. J., & Singer, M. I. (2014) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731514543025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…years of the initiative Begun Center staff gathered information on the nature and characteristics of incidents as well as the impact of violence on child mental health and trauma from a sample of approximately 1,800 children and families (Drotar et al., 2003; Spilsbury et al., 2007, 2005, 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMantilla, A. N. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intimate partner violence : childhood exposure and respective attitudes among Pakistani young adults
Masood, S. (2026) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.82444/warw.33650884 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
School Counseling Prevention and Intervention for Child Witnesses of Intimate Partner Violence.
Buser, J. K., & Saponara, E. (2011) · Journal of school counseling · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Edalati, H. (2015) · Open Collections · doi:10.14288/1.0074416 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“, 2010), repeated victimization (Renner & Slack, 2006), engagement in violence and crime (Margolin et al., 2010; Mrug et al., 2008; Spilsbury et al., 2007), problems in language”
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شعبان, م. ق. ت. (2024) · International Journal of Educational & Psychological Studies · doi:10.31559/eps2024.13.1.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Incarcerated Men and the Etiology of Intimate Partner Violence
Swogger, R. M. (2016) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Badenhorst, B. A. (2010) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kenmerken van tienermoeders en indicaties voor therapie
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PSYCHOSOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIOLENT JUVENILE OFFENDERS WITH SERIOUS MENTAL/BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
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Dyadic Intervention for Young Children Exposed to Interpersonal Violence
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An Exploration of Male Batterers' Perceptions of a Standardized Batterers' Treatment Program
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CHILDHOOD ABUSE, DISSOCIATION, AND CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS
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Developmental Aspects of Political Violence
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المناخ الأسرى وعلاقته بمستوى السلوك العدواني لدى عينة من الأطفال المراهقين في محافظة الخليل
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Barn som bor med en gömd mamma med skyddade personuppgifter: samhällets insikt och agerande
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- Authors
- Spilsbury, J. C., Belliston, L., Drotar, D., Drinkard, A., Kretschmar, J., Creeden, R., Flannery, D. J., & Friedman, S.
- Affiliations
- FrontLine Service (US)
- Kent State University (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spilsbury, James C.
- Venue
- Journal of Family Violence
- Published
- 2007-06-29
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 487-499
- ISSN
- 0885-7482 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2851
- OpenAlex
- W1986030421
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Family Violence (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- domestic violence, children exposed to violence, trauma symptoms, behavioral problems, threat perception, perceived control, child sex differences, ethnicity, age differences, community service program
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