Risk of revictimization of intimate partner violence: the role of attachment, anger and violent behavior of the victim
Open accessAbstract
Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are known to be at high risk for revictimization. Yet, to date, the mechanisms explaining the link between victimization and revictimization of IPV have not been extensively studied. In the present prospective study involving 74 female help-seeking victims of IPV, we investigated victim-related psychological mechanisms that may underlie this link. With this study, we aim to contribute to the development of theory addressing these psychological mechanisms and their role in explaining risk for IPV revictimization. Hypotheses regarding possibly relevant psychological mechanisms were derived from two conflicting approaches to IPV: the gender perspective, and the mutual IPV perspective. Results lend further support to the mutual IPV perspective, since our final prediction model indicates that victim-perpetrated IPV is an important risk factor for physical and psychological IPV revictimization. An avoidant attachment style shows to be a strong predictor as well, in particular for victims with high and average anger levels. Findings provide clear indications for risk assessment and treatment of IPV victims, and moreover offer opportunities to empower these victims in order to prevent future violence.
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Five studies found that conflict or IPV identified early on in relationships was related to revictimization or escalating violence.
“Five studies found that conflict or IPV identified early on in relationships was related to revictimization or escalating violence (Hardesty et al., 2016;Kuijpers et al., 2012;Panuzio & DiLillo, 2010;Stylianou et al., 2013;Wyatt et al., 2000).”
From The relationship between emotional intimate partner violence and other forms of violence: A metaanalytic review. (2024) · cites this paper as Kuijpers et al., 2012
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that victim-perpetrated IPV was a risk factor for later physical and psychological IPV revictimization. But the study followed help-seeking people who had already experienced IPV; it does not establish that conflict or IPV identified early in a relationship predicted revictimization or escalating violence. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredConflict resolution strategies, anger, and religiosity play a role in the relationship between attachment and IPV victimization.
“Furthermore, others variables seem to play a role in the relationship between attachment and IPV victimization as conflict resolution strategies (Bonache et al., 2017), anger (Kuijpers et al., 2012) and religiosity (Higginbotham et al., 2007).”
From Exploring Relationships: A Systematic Review on Intimate Partner Violence and Attachment (2018) · cites this paper as Kuijpers et al., 2012
Studies conducted on women with reported history of IPV mainly failed to find an association between anxious attachment and psychological victimization.
“Regarding the anxious dimension, studies conducted on women with reported history of IPV mainly failed to find an association between anxious attachment and psychological victimization (Henderson et al., 1997; Shurman and Rodriguez, 2006; Kuijpers et al., 2012).”
From Exploring Relationships: A Systematic Review on Intimate Partner Violence and Attachment (2018) · cites this paper as Kuijpers et al., 2012
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References 81 · Cited by 133
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Nunnally JC Psychometric theory 1978 2 New York McGraw-Hill
- Skogan WG van Dijk J van Kaam RGH Wemmers J Victim surveys at century’s end Caring for crime victims: Selected proceedings of the 9th international symposium on victimology 1999 Monsey Criminal Justice 41 53
- Authors
- Kuijpers, K. F., van der Knaap, L. M., & Winkel, F. W.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Kuijpers, Karlijn F.
- ORCID
- Kuijpers, Karlijn F.
- Venue
- Journal of Family Violence
- Published
- 2011-09-14
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-44
- ISSN
- 0885-7482 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2851
- PMC
- PMC3280382
- OpenAlex
- W2138344801
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Family Violence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Achmea
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, revictimization, attachment avoidance, anger, psychological mechanisms, risk factors, gender perspective, victim empowerment
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