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Neck Strength: A Protective Factor Reducing Risk for Concussion in High School Sports
Abstract
As the number of high school students participating in athletics continues to increase, so will the number of sports-related concussions unless effective concussion prevention programs are developed. We sought to develop and validate a cost-effective tool to measure neck strength in a high school setting, conduct a feasibility study to determine if the developed tool could be reliably applied by certified athletic trainers (ATs) in a high school setting, and conduct a pilot study to determine if anthropometric measurements captured by ATs can predict concussion risk. In the study's first phase, 16 adult subjects underwent repeated neck strength testing by a group of five ATs to validate the developed hand-held tension scale, a cost effective alternative to a hand-held dynamometer. In the second phase, during the 2010 and 2011 academic years, ATs from 51 high schools in 25 states captured pre-season anthropometric measurements for 6,704 high school athletes in boys' and girls' soccer, basketball, and lacrosse, as well as reported concussion incidence and athletic exposure data. We found high correlations between neck strength measurements taken with the developed tool and a hand-held dynamometer and the measurements taken by five ATs. Smaller mean neck circumference, smaller mean neck to head circumference ratio, and weaker mean overall neck strength were significantly associated with concussion. Overall neck strength (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), and sport (p = 0.007) were significant predictors of concussions in unadjusted models. After adjusting for gender and sport, overall neck strength remained a significant predictor of concussion (p = 0.004). For every one pound increase in neck strength, odds of concussion decreased by 5 % (OR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.92-0.98). We conclude that identifying differences in overall neck strength may be useful in developing a screening tool to determine which high school athletes are at higher risk of concussion. Once identified, these athletes could be targeted for concussion prevention programs.
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“Under physiological conditions, sex-specific differences in mitochondrial respiration, bioenergetics, and reactive oxygen species production have been reported in both human and animal studies.”
From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [117]
In the citing paper
“In healthy human subjects, women had higher levels of N -acetylaspartate, a marker of neuronal bioenergetics, in gray and white matter.”
From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [117]
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Esopenko, C., de Souza, N. L., Conway, F. N., Todaro, S. M., Brostrand, K., Womack, J. P., Monaco, R., & Buckman, J. F. (2020) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-020-00600-5 · Cited by 13
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“66 Right 25 (93) 22 (88) Concussion history: no (%) N/A 7 (28) N/A Number of previous concussions N/A 1-2 N/A Months since last concussion, mean (range) N/A 18 (6-42) N/A”
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Age-Related Differences in Head Impact during Experimentally Induced Sideways Falls
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Factors Influencing Risk and Recovery from Sport-Related Concussion: Reviewing the Evidence
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“Head impacts during falls lead to elevated acceleration and greater force, which subsequently impairs head stabilization 25,26 , ultimately increasing the risk of severe traumatic brain injury and fatal falls.”
BackgroundEpidemiology of Concussions in High School Boys' Ice Hockey, 2008/09 to 2016/17 School Years
Kerr, Z. Y., Pierpoint, L. A., & Rosene, J. M. (2018) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000697 · Cited by 11
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“Potential reasons associated with this sex difference include neck musculature, cerebral blood flow, hormonal regulation, and SRC reporting/disclosure.(10,16,40,41) While research has demonstrated that female athletes are more likely to report their SRC symptoms compared with male athletes,(4,13) it is unknown if thes…”
BackgroundCosgrave, C. H., Fuller, C., Kung, S. M., Cosgrave, M., McFadden, C., & Franklyn-Miller, A. (2023) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.04.003 · Cited by 10
Scoping review of lacrosse: match demands, physical performance and injury surveillance
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Can Neck Strength be Measured Using a Single Maximal Contraction in a Simulated Contact Position?
Salmon, D., Handcock, P. J., Sullivan, S. J., Rehrer, N. J., & NIVEN, B. E. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001874 · Cited by 10
Are specific players more likely to be involved in high-magnitude head impacts in youth football?
Gellner, R. A., Campolettano, E. T., Smith, E. P., & Rowson, S. (2019) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2019.2.peds18176 · Cited by 10
Carmichael, J. P., Staton, E. W., Blatchford, P. J., & Stevens‐Lapsley, J. E. (2019) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/ijspt20190334 · Cited by 10
Stephenson, K. L., Womble, M. N., Frascoia, C., Eagle, S. R., Covassin, T., Kontos, A. P., Collins, M. W., & Elbin, R. J. (2022) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0670.21 · Cited by 10
Effects of head flexion posture on the multidirectional static force capacity of the neck
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Cosgrave, C. H., Fuller, C., Franklyn-Miller, A., Falvey, É. C., Beirne, C., Ryan, J. M., & McCrory, P. R. (2018) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000455 · Cited by 10
Lundblad, M. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9
Patel, D. R., Fidrocki, D., & Parachuri, V. (2017) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp.2017.03.08 · Cited by 9
“com mechanism to reduce the severity of impact to the brain from direct impact to the head (30-33).”
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Tarnutzer, A. A. (2017) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2017.1386793 · Cited by 9
“In children several factors may contribute to an increased vulnerability of the brain: (1) the head is over-proportionally large relative to the trunk, (2) neck musculature is relatively underdeveloped providing a less efficient decrease in head acceleration and resulting in larger displacement after a collision (Coll…”
BackgroundGalea, O., O’Leary, S. P., & Treleaven, J. M. (2019) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2019.02.002 · Cited by 10
Hamlin, M. J., Deuchrass, R. W., Elliot, C., Raj, T., Promkeaw, D., & Phonthee, S. (2020) · The Journal of Sport and Exercise Science · doi:10.36905/jses.2020.01.05 · Cited by 9
“In a cross-sectional study of over 6000 high school students, Collins et al. (2014) reported that overall neck strength was a significant predictor of concussion.”
BackgroundInfluentialClearing the cobwebs: An analysis of the timing of youth concussion legislation in U.S. states
Rotolo, T., & Lengefeld, M. R. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113491 · Cited by 9
Relation between Isometric Neck Strength and White Matter Organization in Collegiate Athletes
de Souza, N. L., Dennis, E. L., Brown, A. M., Singh, S., Wilde, E. A., Buckman, J. F., & Esopenko, C. (2020) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2020.0025 · Cited by 9
“Greater neck strength also seems to translate to a reduction in injury risk: for every 1-lb increase in neck strength, there is a 5% reduction in the odds of sustaining a concussion in high school athletes.(42) Further, athletes in the year following concussion show reduced neuromuscular control and thus”
BackgroundPrice, A. M., Knell, G., Caze, T. J., Abt, J. P., Loveland, D. M., & Burkhart, S. O. (2021) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000975 · Cited by 9
Reliability of a neck strength test in schoolboy rugby players
Fuller, C., Falvey, É. C., & Schneider, K. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102566 · Cited by 9
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NECK STRENGTH AND HEAD ACCELERATIONS IN A RUGBY TACKLE
Dempsey, A. R., Fairchild, T. J., & Appleby, B. B. (2016) · ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive · Cited by 9
Predictors of concussion reporting intentions in adolescent hockey players
Macdonald, N. D., & Baumann, O. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04316-7 · Cited by 8
Ivanic, B., Cronström, A., Johansson, K. M., & Ageberg, E. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108260 · Cited by 8
Prevalence and Incidence of Microhemorrhages in Adolescent Football Players
Shah, B., Holcomb, J. M., Davenport, E. M., Läck, C. M., McDaniel, J. M., Imphean, D., Xi, Y., Rosenbaum, D. A., Urban, J. E., Wagner, B., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a6618 · Cited by 8
“may be further magnified in adolescent athletes with underdeveloped neck strength and poor tackling technique.(20-22) Although the prevalence of microhemorrhages is significantly greater in adolescent football players relative to noncontact controls, this study did not establish a statistically significant difference”
BackgroundCheever, K., McDevitt, J. K., Wright, W. G., & Tierney, R. (2021) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2021.1878551 · Cited by 8
“The utility of global measures to reduce the number of comparisons between strongly correlated variables has been previously demonstrated (22,25).”
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“It is believed that when players are taken by surprise, they fail to tense their neck and posterior shoulder muscles prior to impact, reducing their ability to neutralize the resultant change in acceleration (Collins et al., 2014; Hanson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialKelshaw, P. M., Cortés, N., Caswell, A. M., & Caswell, S. V. (2018) · International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training · doi:10.1123/ijatt.2017-0102 · Cited by 8
Fownes-Walpole, M., Heyward, O. W., Till, K., Mackay, L., Stodter, A., Al-Dawoud, M., Bussey, M. D., Gordon, L., Hairsine, J., Kirk, C., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108847 · Cited by 7
Flao, E. L., Pichardo, A. W., Ganpatt, S., & Oranchuk, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2020-0537 · Cited by 7
Intra and Inter-Rater Reliability of a Novel Isometric Test of Neck Strength
McBride, L. J., James, R. S., Alsop, S., & Oxford, S. W. (2022) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11010002 · Cited by 7
“The importance of isometric neck strength in four directions (Flexion, Extension, Left and Right-side Flexion) and its association with head and neck kinematics [4] and sports related concussion has been demonstrated [5,6].”
BackgroundIsometric Cervical Muscular Strength in Pediatric Athletes With Multiple Concussions
Engelman, G. H., Carry, P. M., Sochanska, A., Daoud, A. K., Wilson, J. C., & Provance, A. J. (2018) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000681 · Cited by 7
“Previous research has demonstrated that neck strength is associated with the risk of concussion.(10) Current research comparing neck strength in pediatric and adolescent athletes with and without concussion is limited.”
BackgroundWeb-Based Exercise Program Increases Cervical Strength in Adolescent Athletes
Wilson, J. C., Levek, C., Daoud, A. K., Brewer, M., Brooks, K., Sochanska, A., Randall, M., & Provance, A. J. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002907 · Cited by 7
“They also found that overall neck strength, sex, and sport were significant predictors of concussion, and for every 1-pound increase in neck strength, odds of concussion decreased by 5% (3).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOffice-based concussion evaluation, diagnosis, and management: pediatric
Paquin, H., Taylor, A., & Meehan, W. P., III (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63954-7.00011-2 · Cited by 7
Deng, C. L., Pearce, A. J., Mentiplay, B. F., Middleton, K. J., & Clarke, A. C. (2021) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.10.009 · Cited by 7
Ernst, L., Farley, J. B., & Milne, N. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02133-x · Cited by 9
“The study found that for every one-pound (453.6-g) increase in overall neck strength, the odds of sustaining a SRC decreased by 5% (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.98) [73].”
InfluentialCharacteristics of potential concussive events in elite hurling: a video-analysis study
Rotundo, M. P., Sokol-Randell, D., Bleakley, C., Donnelly, P., & Tierney, G. J. (2023) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-023-03307-8 · Cited by 7
“[38 , 39] Although more research is needed to verify this, it is thought that the musculature of the neck plays an important role in neutralizing forces to the head, and neck strength has shown a significant inverse correlation with concussion risk [40, 41].”
MethodDemetriades, A. K., Shah, I. A., Marklund, N., Clusmann, H., & Peul, W. C. (2024) · Brain and Spine · doi:10.1016/j.bas.2024.102763 · Cited by 8
“Studies have shown that neck strength was a factor in an athlete developing a concussion (Collins et al., 2014; Babbs, 2001).”
BackgroundMcDaniel, A., Schroeder, L. H., Freedman, J. A., Wang, Y., & Heijnen, M. (2021) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/foov8378 · Cited by 6
“(2014) study did not compare their neck strength assessment tool to the gold-standard fixed-frame dynamometry and also received donations for portions of their assessment tool (2).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSex Differences in Neck Strength Force and Activation Patterns in Collegiate Contact Sport
Gallo, C. A., Desrochers, G. N., Morris, G. J., Rumney, C. D., Sandell, S. J., McDevitt, J. K., Langford, D., & Rosene, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.52082/jssm.2022.68 · Cited by 6
“Others have proposed cervical stiffness, or anticipatory cervical activation as an aid against concussive events when subjected to head impacts (Collins et al., 2014; Mihalik et al., 2011; Tierney et al., 2005; Viano et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSex differences in college students' knowledge of concussion and concussion education sources
Heck, S. J., Acord-Vira, A., & Davis, D. R. (2023) · Concussion · doi:10.2217/cnc-2023-0001 · Cited by 6
Functional Capacity Profile of the Cervical Joint in Young Adults: Sex-Related Differences
Batatolis, C., Καρατράντου, Κ., Gymnopoulos, V., & Gerodimos, V. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app132011326 · Cited by 6
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“Sex-based differences in neck strength may contribute to the elevated concussion rates in female soccer players, given that those with weaker overall neck strength appeared to be at a higher risk of concussion.(16) Greater neck strength and anticipatory cervical muscle activation has been associated with a reduction i…”
BackgroundFitzpatrick, D., Thompson, P., Kipps, C., & Webborn, N. (2021) · International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion · doi:10.1080/17457300.2021.1905667 · Cited by 6
“It has also been suggested that neck strength and proprioception may have a role in preventing concussion (Collins et al., 2014; Eckner et al., 2014; Honda et al., 2018; Hrysomallis, 2016).”
BackgroundResultThe changing nature of concussion in rugby union: Looking back to look forward
Owens, T. S., Rose, G. A., Marley, C. J., Calverley, T. A., Stacey, B. S., Williams, P., Williams, J. P., & Bailey, D. M. (2019) · Journal of Concussion · doi:10.1177/2059700219860641 · Cited by 6
Gorla, C., Martins, T. D. S., Florêncio, L. L., Pinheiro, C. F., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Martins, J., & Bevilaqua‐Grossi, D. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11162278 · Cited by 5
Nagai, T., Schilaty, N. D., Chang, R. W. B., Keller, V., Stiennon, S. T., Wong, H., Stuart, M. J., & Krause, D. A. (2022) · Journal of Sports and Performance Vision · doi:10.22374/jspv.v4i1.11 · Cited by 4
Youth handball concussion prevention strategies: a workshop-based study with experts and end users
Sturesson, V., Marforio, P., Reuter, A., Johansson, K. M., & Ageberg, E. (2024) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001877 · Cited by 5
“9 Results conflict with two studies reporting that increased neck strength was associated with reduced SRC, 31 32 but two other studies did not support this association.”
BackgroundInfluentialA neck strengthening protocol in adolescent males and females for athletic injury prevention
Fisher, J. P., Asanovich, M., Cornwell, R. E., & Steele, J. (2016) · Journal of Trainology · doi:10.17338/trainology.5.1_13 · Cited by 5
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Observable player behaviours and playing performance following helmet strikes in elite cricket
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Head Kinematics and Injury Analysis in Elite Bobsleigh Athletes Throughout a World Cup Tour
McPherson, A. L., Anderson, T., Finnoff, J. T., & Adams, W. M. (2023) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0014.23 · Cited by 5
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Blyth, R. J., Farrell, G., Zoellner, A., Ahmed, O. H., Bussey, M. D., Galea, O., & Sole, G. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02209-2 · Cited by 7
Effect of Neck Strength on Simulated Head Impacts During Falls in Female Ice Hockey Players
Pennock, B., Kivi, D., & Zerpa, C. (2021) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/oxue1359 · Cited by 4
“In addition to cervical muscle strength, previous research has identified the potential role of head and neck anthropometry in concussions (14).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWalton, S. R., Kelshaw, P. M., Munce, T. A., Beidler, E., Bowman, T. G., Oldham, J. R., Wilmoth, K., Broshek, D. K., Rosenblum, D. J., Cifu, D. X., et al. (2024) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2024.2310787 · Cited by 4
Cantu, R. C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0295-8_2 · Cited by 4
Self-citationZutrauen, S., McFaull, S. R., & Minh, T. (2019) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxz116 · Cited by 4
“Head and neck size have been suggested to predict peak linear and rotational accelerations of the head (38), whereby soccer players with lower neck strength and smaller head–neck segment masses may be at higher risk for greater head acceleration and concussion (39,40).”
BackgroundPrevention of Sport-Related Concussion
Kriz, P. K., & Roberts, W. O. (2020) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2020.08.007 · Cited by 4
Changes in White Matter of the Cervical Spinal Cord after a Single Season of Collegiate Football
Johnson, B., Walter, A. E., Wilkes, J. R., Papa, L., & Slobounov, S. (2021) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2020.0035 · Cited by 4
“Despite the anatomical proximity and function of the spinal cord in the central nervous system (CNS), there is a paucity of research regarding the involvement of the cervical spinal cord in SRC,(6) whereas the interaction of the head and softtissue neck in SRC has been greatly debated and studied.(7) Head acceleration…”
BackgroundSex-Based Differences in Symptoms With Mouthguard Use After Pediatric Sport-Related Concussion
van Ierssel, J. J., Ledoux, A., Tang, K., & Zemek, R. L. (2021) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0393.20 · Cited by 4
“neck strength in high school athletes suggests that greater isometric neck strength significantly 324 reduces the risk of concussion.(32) Given that this study is a secondary analysis of a larger 325 prospective, multicentre cohort study to derive and validate a clinical prediction rule for 326 persistent postconcussi…”
Effect of jaw clenching on head acceleration during a predictable load impact
Sako, K., Tanaka, Y., Tomita, Y., Yoshida, T., Ono, Y., & Kashiwagi, K. (2021) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.13254 · Cited by 4
Cantu, R. C., & Uretsky, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75564-5_1 · Cited by 4
Self-citationBrown, D. A., Leung, F. T., Evans, K. A., Grant, G. D., & Hides, J. A. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102614 · Cited by 5
Sport-Related Concussions in High School Athletes: A Comprehensive Update
Shaffer, A. L., Kemprecos, H. J., Woolridge, M. G., Soulakis, N. D., & Arnold, P. M. (2025) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-025-01419-5 · Cited by 3
“There is a very low likelihood strength as a possible modifiable risk factor [ 56].”
Evaluation of Neck Strength and Concussion Risk: A Systematic Review
Postula, B., Hicks, A., & Toldi, J. P. (2026) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000001313 · Cited by 3
Pelt, K. L. V., Wolff, L., Campbell, D. E., McGinty, G. T., Zupan, M. F., & Jackson, J. C. (2021) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usab440 · Cited by 3
King, J. A., Nelson, L. D., Cheever, K., Brett, B. L., Gliedt, J. A., Szabó, A., Dong, H., Huber, D. L., Broglio, S. P., McAllister, T. W., et al. (2024) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465241247212 · Cited by 3
“10,11 Regarding the level of contact in sport, positive odds ratios were found when comparing categories of high contact to lower contact in every comparison, with the exception of contact to limited contact sports.”
BackgroundHislop, M., Stokes, K., Williams, S., Mckay, C., Kemp, S., England, M., & Trewartha, G. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.120 · Cited by 2
Colantonio, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93813-0_10 · Cited by 3
Martins, T. D. S., Pinheiro, C. F., Gorla, C., Florêncio, L. L., Martins, J., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., de Oliveira, A. S., & Bevilaqua‐Grossi, D. (2022) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.10.001 · Cited by 3
Position comparison of sport-related concussions in female youth soccer players
Worrall, H. M., Podvin, C. C., Althoff, C., Chung, J. S., Sugimoto, D., Stokes, M. A., Radel, L. C., Cullum, C. M., Miller, S. M., & Jones, J. C. (2023) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2023.2246869 · Cited by 3
“Neck strengthening may also be a focus for the adolescent female goalkeepers looking to reduce concussion frequency [39].”
Assessing the feasibility of a neck‐strength training intervention in university women's rugby
Petrie, F. J., Williams, E. M. P., Mackintosh, K. A., Starbuck, C., & McNarry, M. A. (2024) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.12028 · Cited by 3
“Specifically, in a population of mixed ‐ sex high ‐ school athletes, an increase of 0.45 kg in NS was associated with a 5% reduction in concussion risk (Collins et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialUnderstanding Abnormal Examination Findings During Concussion Recovery
Streicher, N. S., Popovich, M. J., Almeida, A. A., Alsalaheen, B. A., Ichesco, I. K., Freeman, J., Lorincz, M. T., & Eckner, J. T. (2024) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200284 · Cited by 3
Garnett, D., Cobbing, S., Viljoen, C. T., & Patricios, J. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-00930-5 · Cited by 3
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Exercise Medicine: A Narrative Review
Sharma, B., & Timmons, B. W. (2019) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2017-0286 · Cited by 3
Wood, T. A., & Sosnoff, J. J. (2019) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01429-7 · Cited by 3
A Novel Testing Device to Assess the Effect of Neck Strength on Risk of Concussion
Nazarahari, M., Arthur, J., & Rouhani, H. (2020) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-020-02504-1 · Cited by 3
Effects of tackle height and shoulder preference on head and trunk acceleration in rugby
Ogata, Y., Soejima, T., Hara, K., Takahata, H., Ando, Y., Yamashita, A., Yamada, M., Murakami, H., & Maeda, A. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541241252967 · Cited by 2
Holland, L. M., Romero, E. A. S., Cuenca‐Zaldívar, J. N., & Sillevis, R. (2025) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports13050155 · Cited by 2
“Rotational strength has been associated with reduced head acceleration during impact and improved anticipatory activation in collision sports [10,12,14].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, C. L., Fletcher, E. N., Fields, S. K., Kluchurosky, L., Rohrkemper, M. K., Comstock, R. D., & Cantu, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Colorado School of Public Health (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Comstock, R. Dawn
- Venue
- The Journal of Primary Prevention
- Published
- 2014-06-15
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 309-319
- ISSN
- 0278-095X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6547
- OpenAlex
- W2077683717
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 13.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- The Journal of Primary Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Keywords
- neck muscle strength, sports-related concussion, high school athletes, hand-held dynamometry, anthropometry, neck circumference, athletic trainers, concussion screening, concussion prevention, soccer, basketball, lacrosse
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anthropometry, Brain Concussion, Equipment Design, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Neck Muscles, Pilot Projects, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Incidence, Muscle Strength, Muscle Strength Dynamometer
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