The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Loving Thyself: A Kohutian Interpretation of a “Limited” Mature Narcissism in Evangelical Megachurches
Abstract
Evangelical megachurches across the United States provide a subculture for core and committed members who immerse themselves in these communities of faith. This article argues that American evangelical megachurches fail to mitigate "the narcissism epidemic" in the dominant secular culture. Using object relations theory, I discuss splitting as a psychological foundation for narcissism, and I employ Heinz Kohut's self-psychology to analyze idealized, mirroring, and twinning self-objects in evangelical megachurches. Finally, given Kohut's categories for a mature narcissism, I find that Evangelicals achieve creativity, empathy, transience, humor, and wisdom, in part, but their ideological frameworks, organizational characteristics, and beliefs challenge a transformation to mature narcissism.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“According to Dyer (2012), this issue is especially prevalent in evangelical megachurches, as congregants look to pastors as self-objects through idealization (viewing the pastor as a celebrity to nurture their ideals), mirroring (desiring affirmation from the pastor to encourage their ambitions), and twinning (aspiring to emulate the pastor to receive approval).”
From Humility and Servant-Leadership: Toward a Solution of Pastoral Narcissism (2024) · cites this paper as Dyer (2012)
In the citing paper
“The authors pointed to the notion that pastors of megachurches may tend to be narcissistic (Dyer, 2012)”
From Humility and Servant-Leadership: Toward a Solution of Pastoral Narcissism (2024) · cites this paper as Dyer, 2012
Citations
Cites
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
Freud, S. (1953) · Cited by 17,730
Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology
Weber, M. (2002) · doi:10.1002/9780470755679.ch3 · Cited by 6,868
Winnicott, D. W. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203441022 · Cited by 6,634
Civilization and Its Discontents
Freud, S. (2018) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv19fvzzk.47 · Cited by 4,265
Group psychology and the analysis of the ego.
Freud, S. (1922) · Boni and Liveright eBooks · doi:10.1037/11327-000 · Cited by 3,360
Kohut, H., & Goldberg, A. I. (1984) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226006147.001.0001 · Cited by 2,650
On Narcissism: An Introduction
Freud, S. (1914) · Cited by 2,374
King, J. O., III, & LASCH, C. (1981) · Social Science History · doi:10.1017/s0145553200019143 · Cited by 1,402
The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2009) · Cited by 1,003
Forms and Transformations of Narcissism
Kohut, H. (1966) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/000306516601400201 · Cited by 912
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Balmer, R. (2010). The making of evangelicalism. Waco: Baylor University Press.
- Jones, J. (2002). Terror and transformation: the ambiguities of religion in psychoanalytic perspective. London: Brunner-Routledge.
- Kilpatrick, Joel. (2006). A field guide to evangelicals and their habitat. New York: Harper SanFrancisco.
- Lasch, C. (1978). The culture of narcissism: American life in an age of diminishing expectation. New York: Norton.
- Omartian, S. (2004). The prayer that changes everything: The hidden power of praising God. Eugene: Harvest House Publishers.
- Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. (2011). Global survey of evangelical protestant leaders. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
- Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. (2008). U.S. religious landscape study: Summary of key findings. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
- Thumma, S., & Travis, D. (2007). Beyond megachurch myths: What we can learn from America’s largest churches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Williamson, G. I. (1964). Westminster confession of faith. Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co.
Cited by
Humility and Servant-Leadership: Toward a Solution of Pastoral Narcissism
Bryant, L. W. R. (2024) · International Journal of Servant-Leadership · doi:10.33972/ijsl.417
Metadata
- Authors
- Dyer, J. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Religion and Health
- Published
- 2012-03-07
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 241-255
- ISSN
- 0022-4197
- 1573-6571
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 40
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Loving Thyself: A Kohutian Interpretation of a “Limited” Mature Narcissism in Evangelical Megachurches. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10943-012-9579-8
- The paper
- Dyer, J. E. (2012). Loving Thyself: A Kohutian Interpretation of a “Limited” Mature Narcissism in Evangelical Megachurches. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9579-8
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.