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Machine learning with a reject option: a survey
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“In order to assess models' ability to refrain from answering a question when uncertain [14], we also include an additional multiple choice answer for each question:”
From LAB-Bench: Measuring Capabilities of Language Models for Biology Research (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hendrickx, K., Perini, L., Van der Plas, D., Meert, W., & Davis, J.
- Affiliations
- Siemens (Belgium) (BE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Hendrickx, Kilian
- Venue
- Machine Learning
- Published
- 2024-03-29
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3073-3110
- ISSN
- 0885-6125 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0565
- OpenAlex
- W3183516990
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 252
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 23
- FWCI
- 16.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Machine Learning (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- agentschap innoveren en ondernemen (HBC.2017.0226, HBC.2019.2615)
- onderzoeksraad, ku leuven (C14/17/070)
- vlaamse overheid (Onderzoeksprogramma Artificiële Intelligentie (AI) Vlaanderen)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Data Classification
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Algorithms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
- Keywords
- abstention, decision support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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