The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
State requirements for prenatal syphilis screening in the United States, 2016.
Open accessAbstract
Objectives This study assesses U.S. state laws related to prenatal syphilis screening, including whether these laws align with CDC screening recommendations and include legal penalties for failing to screen. Methods Statutes and regulations regarding syphilis screening during pregnancy and at delivery effective in 2016 were examined for all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC). Targeted search terms were used to identify laws in legal research databases. The timing of the screening mandates for each state law was coded for: (1) first visit, (2) third trimester, and (3) delivery. Descriptive statistics were calculated to examine the number of states with each type of requirement and whether requirements adhered to the CDC STD treatment guidelines. Results Only six states (11.8%) do not require prenatal syphilis screening. Of states with screening requirements (n = 45), the majority (84.3%) require testing at first prenatal visit or soon after. 17 states (33.3%) require screening during the third trimester with five requiring screening only if the patient is considered at high risk. 8 (15.7%) states require screening at delivery with five requiring testing only if the woman is at high risk. 14 (27.5%) states include punishments for failing to screen (civil penalties, criminal penalties and license revocation). Conclusions for Practice Most states had prenatal syphilis screening requirements; a minority corresponded to or extended CDC recommendations. States vary in when they require testing, who must be tested, and whether a failure to screen could result in a punishment for the provider.
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At least 45 states have a prenatal syphilis testing requirement, with high variability among those requirements.
“At least 45 states have a prenatal syphilis testing requirement, with high variability among those requirements (142).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Serologic screening for syphilis at the first prenatal care visit is mandated by the majority of states.
“All women should be screened serologically for syphilis at the first prenatal care visit (174), which is mandated by the majority of states (142).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
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Cites
Increase in Incidence of Congenital Syphilis — United States, 2012–2014
Bowen, V. B., Su, J. R., Torrone, E., Kidd, S., & Weinstock, H. (2015) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6444a3 · Cited by 221
Self-citationThe value of penicillin alone in the prevention and treatment of congenital syphilis.
Nr, I. (1950) · PubMed · Cited by 116
State laws regarding prenatal syphilis screening in the United States
Hollier, L. M., Hill, J. B., Sheffield, J. S., & Wendel, G. D. (2003) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00547-7 · Cited by 67
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hough, M. K., & Poppe, J. A. (1998). Sexually transmitted diseases: A policymaker’s guide and summary of state laws. Denver, CO: National Conference of State Legislatures.
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Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., Johnston, C. M., Muzny, C. A., Park, I., Reno, H., Zenilman, J. M., & Bolan, G. A. (2021) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 · Cited by 3,018
Metadata
- Authors
- Warren, H. P., Cramer, R., Kidd, S., & Leichliter, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cramer, Ryan
- Venue
- Maternal and Child Health Journal
- Published
- 2018-07-17
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1227-1232
- ISSN
- 1092-7875 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6628
- PMC
- PMC6747684
- OpenAlex
- W2883589212
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Maternal and Child Health Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Healthcare Regulation
- Keywords
- prenatal syphilis screening, state law, third-trimester screening, sexually transmitted infections, maternal health policy
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Legislation as Topic, Mass Screening, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prenatal Care, Prenatal Diagnosis, Syphilis, Syphilis Serodiagnosis, Syphilis, Congenital, United States, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
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