The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Universal Transfers, Tax Breaks and Fertility: Evidence from a Regional Reform in Norway
Open accessAbstract
The relatively high fertility in the Nordic countries has attracted considerable academic and political interest. Still, the causal relationship between economic circumstances and fertility in the Nordic context is poorly understood. This paper estimates the effect of tax breaks and universal transfers on fertility in the Nordic context. We analyze the fertility effects of a regional child benefit and tax reform implemented in the northern municipalities of the Norwegian county Troms, using the southern municipalities of the same county as a plausible and empirically similar control group. We use a difference-in-difference/event study design, and estimate multivariate models on individual-level data from administrative registers for the full population. The reform increased fertility among women in their early 20 s. The effects are concentrated among unmarried women, who received the largest subsidies. Our findings suggest that favorable economic conditions have contributed to the relatively high fertility in the Nordic countries. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11113-023-09793-z.
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“The evidence from both Hungary and Norway suggests that large fiscal support for families has a positive impact on fertility (Hart and Galloway 2023; Spéder, Murinkó, and Oláh 2020).”
From Family Policies in Low Fertility Countries: Evidence and Reflections (2025) · cites this paper as Hart and Galloway 2023
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Cites
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“1 3 Universal Transfers, Tax Breaks and Fertility: Evidence from… Page 11 of 32 49 It should be noted that if the reform increased childbearing, it will also be expected to reduce female labor supply (at the ages where fertility is increased) (Angrist & Evans, 1996; Cools & Strøm, 2014).”
BackgroundThornton, A., & Young‐DeMarco, L. (2001) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01009.x · Cited by 1,042 · cited 2×
“…hand, as living with a partner before having a child has a practical advantage and is to some extent normatively expected (Hobcraft & Kiernan, 1995; Thornton & Young-DeMarco, 2001), one may expect a quicker response to changing economic conditions among women who are living in a formalized union.”
BackgroundUnnatural Experiments? Estimating the Incidence of Endogenous Policies
Besley, T. J., & Case, A. C. (2000) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00578 · Cited by 671 · cited 1×
“It is of some concern that at least some reforms were initiated in part as a response to falling fertility (Ang, 2015; Milligan, 2005), thus making the reform introduction potentially endogenous to the outcome (Besley & Case, 2000).”
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 64 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Angell, E., Eikeland, S., Grufeld, L. A., Lie, I., Myhr, S., Nygaard, V., & Pedersen, P. (2012). The action zone in troms and finnmark: Development and evaluation of policies. Technical Report, 2, 10.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Family Policies in Low Fertility Countries: Evidence and Reflections
Gauthier, A. H., & Gietel‐Basten, S. (2025) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/padr.12691 · Cited by 45
Causal Analysis of Policy Effects on Fertility
Hart, R. K., Bergsvik, J., Fauske, A., & Kim, W. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_451-1 · Cited by 14
Self-citationFertility decline and tax revenues in South Korea
Madia, J. E., Moscone, F., Tabaghdehi, S. A. H., An, J.-C., & Lee, C. (2025) · Research in Economics · doi:10.1016/j.rie.2025.101025 · Cited by 3
Šmeringaiová, M. (2024) · Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1007/s12061-024-09613-7 · Cited by 3
“This is in line with Hart and Galloway ( 2023 ), which found positive effects of tax benefit reforms and improvements in labour market conditions on fertility in Norway.”
de Ziegler, D., Braumann, N., Sean, S., & Toner, J. P. (2025) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2025.09.012 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Hart, R. K., & Galloway, T. A.
- Affiliations
- Statistics Norway (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Hart, Rannveig Kaldager
- Venue
- Population Research and Policy Review
- Published
- 2023-05-23
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 49-49
- ISSN
- 0167-5923 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7829
- PMC
- PMC10205036
- OpenAlex
- W4377861192
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Population Research and Policy Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd (202442S20, 236926, 262700)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Policies and Family
- Keywords
- fertility, tax incentives, family allowances, unmarried women, young women, Tromsø
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