The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Prevention of Child and Adolescent Anxiety: A Meta-analytic Review
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of child and adolescent anxiety prevention programs. Mean weighted effect sizes were calculated, and studies were encoded for potential moderator variables. A statistically significant effect size of .18 was obtained at post-intervention, which is consistent with effect sizes reported in reviews of depression, eating disorder, and substance abuse prevention programs. However, the effect sizes obtained at follow-up yielded mixed results. Significant moderators of program effectiveness were found including provider type (professional versus lay provider) and the use of the FRIENDS program. In contrast, program duration, participant age, gender, and program type (universal versus targeted) were not found to moderate program effectiveness. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed, including the need for more long-term follow-up, early prevention programs, and studies that systematically examine the impact of parent involvement on program effectiveness.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis found that preventing psychiatric illness was not linked to protocol duration, since shorter interventions had the same effect size as longer ones.25”
From Improved quality of life and reduced depressive symptoms in medical students after a single-session intervention (2020) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Past reviews/meta-analyses have examined only prevention14–16 or only treatment.17–21”
From Six decades of preventing and treating childhood anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis to inform policy and practice (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,421
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators
Hedges, L. V. (1981) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164588 · Cited by 5,695
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 · Cited by 4,035
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,657
The Handbook of Research Synthesis
Hanka, R. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6952.488a · Cited by 1,065
The prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review
Horowitz, J. L., & Garber, J. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.401 · Cited by 803
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Barrett, P. M., Lowry-Webster, H., & Holmes, J. (1999). Friends for children group leader manual (2nd ed.). Brisbane: Australian Academic.
- *McLaughlin, K.A. (2008). A public health approach to the study and prevention of adolescent depression & anxiety. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 69, 3272.
- Mrazek, P. J., & Haggerty, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Reducing the risks for mental disorders: Frontiers from preventative intervention research. Washington: National Academy.
- Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1985). The revised children's manifest anxiety scale: Manual. New York: Western Psychological Services.
- *Simpson, A. T. (2007). The roles of self-regulation and coping in a preventative cognitive-behavioural intervention for school-age children at-risk for internalizing disorders. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 69, 3862.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–269 of 269
Yang, Y., Kang, X., Li, D., Fu, L., & Powell, B. J. (2026) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2026.2647428 · Cited by 1
Sun, H., Ng, S. C., & von Hagen, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14688-5_14 · Cited by 1
Prevention of anxiety disorders
Allen, J. L., Creswell, C., & Murray, L. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139344456.028 · Cited by 1
Children's Health Policy Centre
Schwartz, C. R., Waddell, C., Garland, O., & Nightingale, L. (2012) · Cited by 1
Graczyk, P. A., & Connolly, S. D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7497-6_7 · Cited by 1
Supe, I., Martinsone, B., Cefai, C., & Conte, E. (2023) · To Be or Not to Be a Great Educator · doi:10.22364/atee.2022.56 · Cited by 1
Mercan, N., DEMİRCİ, Z. A., Bıçakçı, M. Y., & Aslan, D. (2025) · Anatolian Journal of Health Research · doi:10.61534/anatoljhr.1513874 · Cited by 1
Preventative Services for Children and Adolescents
Feit, M., Holmes, J., Minor, J., Strong, R., & Murphy, K. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12045-4_15 · Cited by 1
Prevention of Comorbid Mental and Physical Disorders
Hosman, C. M. H. (2014) · Key issues in mental health (Online)/Key issues in mental health (Print) · doi:10.1159/000365601 · Cited by 1
Evaluación de un programa de prevención de la ansiedad en adolescentes
García, A. I. A. (2014) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 1
Do Neighborhood Characteristics Contribute to Anxiety? A National Study of 12 to 17-Year-Olds
Vidourek, R. A., King, K. A., & Yockey, R. A. (2019) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2019.1616016 · Cited by 1
Exposure therapy for separation anxiety disorder
West, K. B., Wilbanks, J., & Suveg, C. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815915-6.00007-x · Cited by 1
The primary prevention of anxiety disorders
Werner‐Seidler, A., Hudson, J. L., & Christensen, H. M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0091 · Cited by 1
Preventative Interventions for Childhood and Adolescent Disorders
Werner‐Seidler, A., Beames, J. R., & Torok, M. H. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00049-2 · Cited by 2
Jirarode, A., & Rungrojwatanasiri, P. (2022) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/17450179-v18-e2208110 · Cited by 1
Early Adolescents' Experiences of Mental Health: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
Coulter, L.-M. (2014) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1
Brock, J. L. (2012) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida) · Cited by 1
Stoll, R. D. (2015) · Cited by 1
An Ounce of Prevention: Evaluation of the Fun FRIENDS Program for Kindergarteners in a Rural School
Lewis, K. M. (2013) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 1
Effectiveness and Key Components of School-Based Anxiety Interventions
Erhardt, V. (2019) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Kerr, J. I., Weibel, R. P., Naegelin, M., Schinazi, V. R., Ferrario, A., Nater, U. M., Marca, R. L., Hölscher, C., & von Wangenheim, F. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02422-z · Cited by 1
Yap, M. B. H., Lawrence, K. A., Rapee, R. M., Cardamone-Breen, M. C., Green, J., & Jorm, A. F. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.8492 · Cited by 1
Blattler, J. A. W. (2012) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Evidence-Based Prevention of Internalizing Disorders
Macklem, G. L. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8609-1_9
Lake, D. J. (2014) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)
Pawsey, R. J. (2014) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)
DeSousa, D. A., Petersen, C. S., Jarros, R. B., Manfro, G. G., & Koller, S. H. (2012)
Gavin, A. (2015) · Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) · doi:10.24385/lincoln.24327907
Luby, J. L. (2013) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101515
and anxiety in children and adolescents School-based interventions for depression
Stallard, P. N. (2013)
Custo econômico e social do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e outros transtornos mentais na infância
Fatori, D. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2016.tde-08092016-103421
Promoting Children's Well‐Being
Stallard, P. N. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119170235.ch14
Glazier, J. (2017) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/26707
Eddolls, W. T. B. (2018) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.48137
Rasing, S. P. A., Creemers, D. H. M., Vermulst, A. A., Janssens, J., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Scholte, R. H. J. (2019) · Pedagogiek · doi:10.5117/ped2019.2.007.rasi
Lyu, X., Morita, K., Nagamine, H., & Maruyama, K. (2021) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · doi:10.11480/jmds.680004
Nguyen, T., Zhang, Q., Le, D. V., & Karunanithi, M. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.8493
Cardamone-Breen, M. C., Jorm, A. F., Lawrence, K. A., Rapee, R. M., Mackinnon, A. J., & Yap, M. B. H. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.9499
Mirzadegan, I. A., Blanton, A. C., & Meyer, A. M. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.37449
Nicolas, C. C., Jorm, A. F., Lawrence, K. A., & Yap, M. B. H. (2020) · doi:10.2196/preprints.23256
Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.725809417.793560154
User Experience of Universal School-Based e-Mental Health Solutions
Badawi, E., Coursaris, C. K., Sénécal, S., & Léger, P. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05657-4_29
School-based cognitive behavioral interventions for youth with anxiety
Haugland, B. S. M., Wergeland, G. J., & Husabø, E. B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85757-4.00044-4
Training of Functional Assertiveness as a Confluence of Social Effectiveness Into Adolescence
García, A. O. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-280-220251004
Challenges and hopes for treatment of anxiety disorder in the autistic population
Dulski, T., Tolak, S., & Zmorzyńska, J. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149675 · Cited by 2
School based interventions for depression and anxiety in UK
Brown, J. S. L., & Carter, B. (2025) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2025.2512332
I Feel Like a Superhero. Enhancing Student Well-Being and Peer Connection
Londén, M., Fält-Weckman, S., Fagerlund, Å., Jakobsson, P., & Hongell-Ekholm, N. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00025-5_11 · Cited by 1
Hugh‐Jones, S., Prabhu, S. G., Arelingaiah, M., Podiya, J. K., Lakshman, K., Nag, R., Warriner, L., Palmer, A., Hudson, K., Fazel, M. S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1670439 · Cited by 2
Loevaas, M. E. S., Lydersen, S., Sund, A. M., Neumer, S.-P., Martinsen, K. D., Holen, S., Patras, J., Adolfsen, F., Rasmussen, L.-M. P., & Reinfjell, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177810
Li, J., Jiang, X., Huang, Z., & Shao, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26612036
Hosokawa, R., Matsumoto, Y., Nishida, C., Funato, K., & Mitani, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26608488
Li, J., Jiang, X., Huang, Z., & Shao, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26612039
Loevaas, M. E. S., Lydersen, S., Sund, A. M., Neumer, S.-P., Martinsen, K. D., Holen, S., Patras, J., Adolfsen, F., Rasmussen, L.-M. P., & Reinfjell, T. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177804
Hankin, B. L., Jones, J. D., Davis, M., Schwartz, K. T. G., Gallop, R., & Young, J. F. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120939
Khalid, H., Hassan, S. M. U., Malik, T. A., Tariq, I., Waseem, T., Barrett, P. M., & Lau, C. Y. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-026-01091-9
Rule-based chatbot application for adolescents with anxiety: a feasibility study
Kahlon, S., Gulseth, R., & Nordgreen, T. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101085
Gutzweiler, R., In‐Albon, T., & Knappe, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21372-4.00035-4
Komrij, N. L., Scheper, F. Y., Kösters, M. P., Westenberg, P. M., & Vreeke, L. J. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105139
Understanding the bidirectional associations between parenting and child anxiety
Yap, M. B. H., Cardamone-Breen, M. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2026) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-026-00618-2
Metadata
- Authors
- Fisak, B. J., Richard, D., & Mann, A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Florida (US)
- University of South Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fisak, Brian J.
- Venue
- Prevention Science
- Published
- 2011-03-25
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 255-268
- ISSN
- 1389-4986 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6695
- OpenAlex
- W2031874973
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Prevention Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety, adolescent anxiety, prevention program effectiveness, effect size, provider type, FRIENDS program, parental involvement, early prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review