Don’t middle your MIDs: regression to the mean shrinks estimates of minimally important differences
Open accessAbstract
Minimal important differences (MIDs) for patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are often estimated by selecting a clinical variable to serve as an anchor. Then, differences in the clinical anchor regarded as clinically meaningful or important can be used to estimate the corresponding value of the PRO. Although these MID values are sometimes estimated by regression techniques, we show that this is a biased procedure and should not be used; alternative methods are proposed.
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Additional file 1 of Development and evaluation of the Acromegaly Symptom Diary
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- Authors
- Fayers, P. M., & Hays, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fayers, Peter M.
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2013-05-31
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-4
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- PMC
- PMC3961825
- OpenAlex
- W2027391122
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 25.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (4p20md000182-15)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG021684)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P20-MD000182)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- minimally important difference, patient-reported outcomes, regression to the mean, anchor-based estimation
- MeSH terms
- Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Visual Acuity, Bias, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Biomedical Research
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